<p>Let <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10474_2025_1531_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="12" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb{P}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">P</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> denote the set of all prime numbers, <i>I</i> be a set and <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10474_2025_1531_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="118" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\sigma = \lbrace \sigma_i \mid i \in I \rbrace\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>σ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <msub> <mi>σ</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>∣</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi>I</mi> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> be a partition of <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10474_2025_1531_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="12" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb{P}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">P</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. A subgroup <i>H</i> of a finite group <i>G</i> is said to be <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10474_2025_1531_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\sigma\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>σ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-<i>subnormal</i> in <i>G</i> if there is a chain <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10474_2025_1531_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="228" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(H = H_0 \le H_1 \le \dots \le H_n = G\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>H</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> <mo>≤</mo> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mn>1</mn> </msub> <mo>≤</mo> <mo>⋯</mo> <mo>≤</mo> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>G</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of subgroups of <i>G</i> such that, for each <InlineEquation ID="IEq60"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10474_2025_1531_Article_IEq60.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="75" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(1 \le j \le n\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>j</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>n</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, the subgroup <InlineEquation ID="IEq61"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10474_2025_1531_Article_IEq61.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="36" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(H_{j-1}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mrow> <mi>j</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is normal in <i>H</i><sub><i>j</i></sub> or <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10474_2025_1531_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="22" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="93" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(H_j/(H_{j-1})_{H_j}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mrow> <mi>j</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10474_2025_1531_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="12" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="17" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\sigma_i\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>σ</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-group for some <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10474_2025_1531_Article_IEq13.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="39" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(i \in I\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi>I</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. If <InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10474_2025_1531_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\sigma\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>σ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is the partition of <InlineEquation ID="IEq15"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10474_2025_1531_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="12" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb{P}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">P</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> into subsets of size one, then the concept of <InlineEquation ID="IEq16"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10474_2025_1531_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\sigma\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>σ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-subnormality reduces to the familiar concept of subnormality. In recent years, many results about subnormal subgroups have been extended to results about <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10474_2025_1531_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\sigma\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>σ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-subnormal subgroups. This line of research is continued in the present note by proving a <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10474_2025_1531_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="10" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\sigma\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>σ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-version of Wielandt's zipper lemma.</p>

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On Wielandt's zipper lemma and \(\sigma\)-subnormal subgroups of finite groups

  • F. Aseeri,
  • J. Kaspczyk

摘要

Let \(\mathbb{P}\) P denote the set of all prime numbers, I be a set and \(\sigma = \lbrace \sigma_i \mid i \in I \rbrace\) σ = { σ i i I } be a partition of \(\mathbb{P}\) P . A subgroup H of a finite group G is said to be \(\sigma\) σ -subnormal in G if there is a chain \(H = H_0 \le H_1 \le \dots \le H_n = G\) H = H 0 H 1 H n = G of subgroups of G such that, for each \(1 \le j \le n\) 1 j n , the subgroup \(H_{j-1}\) H j - 1 is normal in Hj or \(H_j/(H_{j-1})_{H_j}\) H j / ( H j - 1 ) H j is a \(\sigma_i\) σ i -group for some \(i \in I\) i I . If \(\sigma\) σ is the partition of \(\mathbb{P}\) P into subsets of size one, then the concept of \(\sigma\) σ -subnormality reduces to the familiar concept of subnormality. In recent years, many results about subnormal subgroups have been extended to results about \(\sigma\) σ -subnormal subgroups. This line of research is continued in the present note by proving a \(\sigma\) σ -version of Wielandt's zipper lemma.