<p>Let <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10473_2025_101_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="17" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\cal{F}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">F</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> be a family of sets in ℝ<sup><i>d</i></sup> (always <i>d</i> ≥ 2). A set <i>M</i> ⊂ ℝ<sup><i>d</i></sup> is called <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10473_2025_101_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="17" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\cal{F}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">F</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-convex, if for any pair of distinct points <i>x, y</i> ∈ <i>M</i>, there is a set <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10473_2025_101_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="51" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(F \in \cal{F}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mi>F</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">F</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> such that <i>x, y</i> ∈ <i>F</i> and <i>F</i> ⊂ <i>M</i>. We obtain the Γ-convexity, when <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10473_2025_101_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="17" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\cal{F}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">F</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> consists of Γ-paths. A Γ-<i>path</i> is the union of both shorter sides of an isosceles right triangle. In this paper we first characterize some Γ-convex sets, bounded or unbounded, including triangles, regular polygons, subsets of balls, right cylinders and cones, unbounded planar closed convex sets, etc. Then, we investigate the Γ-starshaped sets, and provide some conditions for a fan, a spherical sector and a right cylinder to be Γ-starshaped. Finally, we study the Γ-triple-convexity, which is a discrete generalization of Γ-convexity, and provide characterizations for all the 4-point sets, some 5-point sets and ℤ<sup><i>d</i></sup> to be Γ-triple-convex.</p>

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Γ-convexity

  • Zhouqin Jia,
  • Wenzhi Liu,
  • Liping Yuan,
  • Tudor Zamfirescu

摘要

Let \(\cal{F}\) F be a family of sets in ℝd (always d ≥ 2). A set M ⊂ ℝd is called \(\cal{F}\) F -convex, if for any pair of distinct points x, yM, there is a set \(F \in \cal{F}\) F F such that x, yF and FM. We obtain the Γ-convexity, when \(\cal{F}\) F consists of Γ-paths. A Γ-path is the union of both shorter sides of an isosceles right triangle. In this paper we first characterize some Γ-convex sets, bounded or unbounded, including triangles, regular polygons, subsets of balls, right cylinders and cones, unbounded planar closed convex sets, etc. Then, we investigate the Γ-starshaped sets, and provide some conditions for a fan, a spherical sector and a right cylinder to be Γ-starshaped. Finally, we study the Γ-triple-convexity, which is a discrete generalization of Γ-convexity, and provide characterizations for all the 4-point sets, some 5-point sets and ℤd to be Γ-triple-convex.