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<p>In this paper, a frequency shift keying (FSK) modulation scheme has been proposed which is based upon a current feedback operational amplifier (CFOA)-based oscillator, two CMOS floating voltage-controlled positive resistors (FVCPR) and a CFOA-based auxiliary circuit for providing an appropriate DC bias signal and the modulating signal to the two FVCPRs. An advantageous feature of the proposed scheme is that, since all the subcircuits of the oscillator have a gain of unity at all frequencies, the amplitude of the output FSK waveform remains constant when frequencies are switched between two values and hence, no external amplitude stabilization circuit is needed. The workability of the proposed design has been demonstrated by SPICE simulations.</p>

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An FSK generator using CFOAs and electronically-controllable CMOS resistors

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月6日

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  • Manish Rai,
  • A. K. Singh,
  • Raj Senani

摘要

In this paper, a frequency shift keying (FSK) modulation scheme has been proposed which is based upon a current feedback operational amplifier (CFOA)-based oscillator, two CMOS floating voltage-controlled positive resistors (FVCPR) and a CFOA-based auxiliary circuit for providing an appropriate DC bias signal and the modulating signal to the two FVCPRs. An advantageous feature of the proposed scheme is that, since all the subcircuits of the oscillator have a gain of unity at all frequencies, the amplitude of the output FSK waveform remains constant when frequencies are switched between two values and hence, no external amplitude stabilization circuit is needed. The workability of the proposed design has been demonstrated by SPICE simulations.