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<p>In this paper, a photonic crystal intersection with a germanium-antimony-telluride (GST) phase change material rod is introduced and analyzed for tuneable changes in the optical properties of intersection waveguides. The device can alter the optical properties of the waveguides through a control signal applied to the phase-change material rod. Numerical simulation using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method has shown that the proposed structure can create a single-mode waveguide with a transmission coefficient and quality factor of 94% and 248, respectively. Also, the simulation has exhibited an insertion loss of 0.28 dB with a low cross-talk level of -49 dB in the proposed intersection waveguide. By adjusting the phase state of the GST rod, the transmission of the output waveguide can be independently controlled. The remarkable feature of this structure is the ability to transmit two different wavelengths independent of the crossing path of the two waveguides. The small footprint of the proposed photonic crystal synaptic cell is reduced to less than 14.8 µm<sup>2</sup>, overcoming the limited space challenge for optical neuromorphic networks. The time domain response of the applied signal has been investigated in both states of the amorphous and crystalline PCM rod, revealing a steady state time less than 10 ps. The objective of this structure is to integrate optical neuromorphic circuits and reduce the architectural footprint, considering features such as minimal interference and independently adjustable wavelength passbands. The novelty of this research lies in the design of a 3 × 3 photonic crystal structure with intersecting waveguides, enabling independent control of transmitted power in each waveguide path. The design achieves very low cross-talk, compact dimensions, and tunable transmission via phase transitions, offering a distinct advantage over conventional silicon photonic devices. These features demonstrate its strong potential for all-optical neuromorphic synapses and advanced optical communication systems.</p>

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All-Optical photonic crystal neuromorphic synapses using phase change material

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月21日

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  • Amir Hossein Abdollahi Nohoji,
  • Parviz Keshavarzi,
  • Mohammad Danaie

摘要

In this paper, a photonic crystal intersection with a germanium-antimony-telluride (GST) phase change material rod is introduced and analyzed for tuneable changes in the optical properties of intersection waveguides. The device can alter the optical properties of the waveguides through a control signal applied to the phase-change material rod. Numerical simulation using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method has shown that the proposed structure can create a single-mode waveguide with a transmission coefficient and quality factor of 94% and 248, respectively. Also, the simulation has exhibited an insertion loss of 0.28 dB with a low cross-talk level of -49 dB in the proposed intersection waveguide. By adjusting the phase state of the GST rod, the transmission of the output waveguide can be independently controlled. The remarkable feature of this structure is the ability to transmit two different wavelengths independent of the crossing path of the two waveguides. The small footprint of the proposed photonic crystal synaptic cell is reduced to less than 14.8 µm2, overcoming the limited space challenge for optical neuromorphic networks. The time domain response of the applied signal has been investigated in both states of the amorphous and crystalline PCM rod, revealing a steady state time less than 10 ps. The objective of this structure is to integrate optical neuromorphic circuits and reduce the architectural footprint, considering features such as minimal interference and independently adjustable wavelength passbands. The novelty of this research lies in the design of a 3 × 3 photonic crystal structure with intersecting waveguides, enabling independent control of transmitted power in each waveguide path. The design achieves very low cross-talk, compact dimensions, and tunable transmission via phase transitions, offering a distinct advantage over conventional silicon photonic devices. These features demonstrate its strong potential for all-optical neuromorphic synapses and advanced optical communication systems.