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<p>In this manuscript, a planar slot array antenna is designed to operate at 10&#xa0;GHz using empty substrate integrated waveguide (ESIW) technology. ESIW is an advanced form of substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) in which the dielectric material between the metal layers is removed and replaced with air to significantly reduce dielectric losses and improve radiation efficiency. The proposed structure is implemented on a standard PCB and consists of three main parts: (1) a coaxial (SMA) to SIW transition, (2) a tapered SIW-to-ESIW transition section, and (3) an eight-element ESIW-based slot array radiator. By eliminating most of the dielectric material, the ESIW-based design achieves enhanced radiation efficiency and lower insertion loss compared to conventional SIW slot arrays. The overall physical dimensions are 22 × 221 × 4.4&#xa0;mm³, and the antenna achieves a fractional bandwidth of 3.85%, with a radiation efficiency of approximately 94% and a realized gain of 15.6 dB at the center frequency. The performance of the antenna was evaluated using full-wave simulations in CST, and the results show excellent agreement with experimental measurements.</p>

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Efficient transition from SMA to ESIW for planar slot array antennas in wireless systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月11日

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  • Ahmad Parsa,
  • Pejman Rezaei,
  • Ali AmneElahi,
  • Amin Khatami,
  • Zahra Mousavirazi

摘要

In this manuscript, a planar slot array antenna is designed to operate at 10 GHz using empty substrate integrated waveguide (ESIW) technology. ESIW is an advanced form of substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) in which the dielectric material between the metal layers is removed and replaced with air to significantly reduce dielectric losses and improve radiation efficiency. The proposed structure is implemented on a standard PCB and consists of three main parts: (1) a coaxial (SMA) to SIW transition, (2) a tapered SIW-to-ESIW transition section, and (3) an eight-element ESIW-based slot array radiator. By eliminating most of the dielectric material, the ESIW-based design achieves enhanced radiation efficiency and lower insertion loss compared to conventional SIW slot arrays. The overall physical dimensions are 22 × 221 × 4.4 mm³, and the antenna achieves a fractional bandwidth of 3.85%, with a radiation efficiency of approximately 94% and a realized gain of 15.6 dB at the center frequency. The performance of the antenna was evaluated using full-wave simulations in CST, and the results show excellent agreement with experimental measurements.