<p>This paper presents a novel tunable THz source based on a six-section Constructive Wave Oscillator (CWO) designed in a 130-nm SiGe BiCMOS process. Unlike traditional THz source designs that rely on VCOs and frequency multipliers, this approach offers a simple, compact, and yet power-efficient solution. The proposed architecture achieves a <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10470_2025_2333_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="31" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(10 \%\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>10</mn> <mo>%</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> tuning range and generates phasor signals beyond the conventional I/Q (<InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10470_2025_2333_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="17" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(0^{\circ }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mn>0</mn> <mo>∘</mo> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>–<InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10470_2025_2333_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="25" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(90^{\circ }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mn>90</mn> <mo>∘</mo> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) type, enabling new possibilities for modulation schemes and harmonic cancellation. The design generates a 0.285 THz signal based on a tunable CWO operating at 95&#xa0;GHz, with 95&#xa0;GHz signals distributed along the ring with <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10470_2025_2333_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="25" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(60^{\circ }\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mn>60</mn> <mo>∘</mo> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> phases. The THz source combines these signals to produce a signal at <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10470_2025_2333_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="24" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(3f_0\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mn>3</mn> <msub> <mi>f</mi> <mn>0</mn> </msub> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> using a harmonic cancellation technique. The circuit occupies a compact area of 0.46 × 0.51 <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10470_2025_2333_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="35" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\hbox {mm}^2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mtext>mm</mtext> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and dissipates only 60 mW of DC power from a 2V supply. The tunable THz source demonstrates a simulated -22&#xa0;dBm output power and a phase noise of -76 dBc/Hz at a 1 MHz offset, making it a significant advancement in the field of THz signal generation.</p>

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Widely tunable THz source based on constructive wave oscillator in a 130-nm SiGe BiCMOS

  • Göker Ariyak

摘要

This paper presents a novel tunable THz source based on a six-section Constructive Wave Oscillator (CWO) designed in a 130-nm SiGe BiCMOS process. Unlike traditional THz source designs that rely on VCOs and frequency multipliers, this approach offers a simple, compact, and yet power-efficient solution. The proposed architecture achieves a \(10 \%\) 10 % tuning range and generates phasor signals beyond the conventional I/Q ( \(0^{\circ }\) 0 \(90^{\circ }\) 90 ) type, enabling new possibilities for modulation schemes and harmonic cancellation. The design generates a 0.285 THz signal based on a tunable CWO operating at 95 GHz, with 95 GHz signals distributed along the ring with \(60^{\circ }\) 60 phases. The THz source combines these signals to produce a signal at \(3f_0\) 3 f 0 using a harmonic cancellation technique. The circuit occupies a compact area of 0.46 × 0.51 \(\hbox {mm}^2\) mm 2 and dissipates only 60 mW of DC power from a 2V supply. The tunable THz source demonstrates a simulated -22 dBm output power and a phase noise of -76 dBc/Hz at a 1 MHz offset, making it a significant advancement in the field of THz signal generation.