<p>The aim of this paper is to describe all PBW-deformations of the connected graded <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10468_2025_10328_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="12" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathbb {K}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">K</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-algebra <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10468_2025_10328_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="18" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {A}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="script">A</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> generated by <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10468_2025_10328_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="98" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(x_i, 1\le i\le n,\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with the braiding relations: <Equation ID="Equ18"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10468_2025_10328_Article_Equ18.gif" Format="GIF" Height="65" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="290" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} x_i^2=0, \ 1\le i\le n, \\ x_ix_j=x_jx_i, \ {|j-i|} &gt;1, \\ x_ix_{i+1}x_i=x_{i+1}x_ix_{i+1}, \ 1\le i\le n-1. \end{array}\right. \end{aligned}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math display="block"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="right"> <mfenced open="{"> <mrow> <mtable> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>x</mi> <mi>i</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msubsup> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mn>1</mn> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mi>j</mi> </msub> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>j</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> </mrow> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd columnalign="left"> <mrow> <mrow /> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mi>i</mi> </msub> <msub> <mi>x</mi> <mrow> <mi>i</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>,</mo> <mspace width="4pt" /> <mn>1</mn> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>i</mi> <mo>≤</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </mfenced> </mtd> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </Equation>Firstly, the complexity <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10468_2025_10328_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="38" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {C}({\mathcal {A}})\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">C</mi> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="script">A</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> of the algebra <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10468_2025_10328_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="18" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathcal {A}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="script">A</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is computed. Then all PBW-deformations of <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10468_2025_10328_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="18" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {A}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="script">A</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> when <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10468_2025_10328_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="43" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n\ge 2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> are given explicitly with the help of the general PBW-deformation theory introduced by Cassidy and Shelton. Finally, it is shown that each non-trivial PBW-deformation of <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10468_2025_10328_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="18" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathcal {A}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="script">A</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is isomorphic to a Iwahori-Hecke algebra <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10468_2025_10328_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="72" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(H_q(n+1)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>H</mi> <mi>q</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>n</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> (of type <i>A</i>) with <i>n</i> generators and an appropriate parameter <i>q</i>. Here, trivial PBW-deformations of <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10468_2025_10328_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="18" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathcal {A}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="script">A</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> mean that those PBW-deformations that are isomorphic to <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10468_2025_10328_Article_IEq11.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="21" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathcal {A}}.\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="script">A</mi> <mo>.</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation></p>

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PBW-deformations of Graded Algebras with Braiding Relations

  • Yujie Gao,
  • Shilin Yang

摘要

The aim of this paper is to describe all PBW-deformations of the connected graded \({\mathbb {K}}\) K -algebra \(\mathcal {A}\) A generated by \(x_i, 1\le i\le n,\) x i , 1 i n , with the braiding relations: \(\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{ll} x_i^2=0, \ 1\le i\le n, \\ x_ix_j=x_jx_i, \ {|j-i|} >1, \\ x_ix_{i+1}x_i=x_{i+1}x_ix_{i+1}, \ 1\le i\le n-1. \end{array}\right. \end{aligned}\) x i 2 = 0 , 1 i n , x i x j = x j x i , | j - i | > 1 , x i x i + 1 x i = x i + 1 x i x i + 1 , 1 i n - 1 . Firstly, the complexity \(\mathcal {C}({\mathcal {A}})\) C ( A ) of the algebra \({\mathcal {A}}\) A is computed. Then all PBW-deformations of \(\mathcal {A}\) A when \(n\ge 2\) n 2 are given explicitly with the help of the general PBW-deformation theory introduced by Cassidy and Shelton. Finally, it is shown that each non-trivial PBW-deformation of \(\mathcal {A}\) A is isomorphic to a Iwahori-Hecke algebra \(H_q(n+1)\) H q ( n + 1 ) (of type A) with n generators and an appropriate parameter q. Here, trivial PBW-deformations of \({\mathcal {A}}\) A mean that those PBW-deformations that are isomorphic to \({\mathcal {A}}.\) A .