Contradictions on the path towards just and sustainable food worlds: alternative food initiatives and food justice in Europe
摘要
Alternative food initiatives (AFIs) counter at least some harms of the capitalist food system, but are confronted with replicated food injustice within their initiatives. Their fresh food products remain inaccessible to marginalized communities and, discourses and decision-making within AFIs continue to be dominated by privileged groups. Departing from the position of contradiction, this paper asks: How are AFIs positioned in the struggle towards more just and sustainable food worlds as they are navigating challenges and tensions to address food justice? This question is interrogated in the context of the Netherlands, where food injustice persists despite the apparent abundance of food. Following a qualitative methodology, the research draws on data from participant observation in AFIs, and interviews and conversations with AFI organizers, most of whom are based in the city of Utrecht. Building on Fraser's (1996; 2000; 2005) plural justice conceptualization, this paper analyses how maldistribution, misrecognition, and misrepresentation are replicated within AFIs, and which challenges AFIs face to practice plural food justice. The contextual overlap of wider food injustice, racism, and agricultural policies with other European countries makes this analysis relevant beyond the Netherlands. Fraser (2021) and Wright (2021) help to consider alliances as important mechanisms for food justice practice as AFIs face challenges to address plural food justice. Essentially, I argue that AFIs’ contribution to just food worlds is best understood as part of a movement of movements with a strategy of strategies.