<p>Health sciences education (HSE) encompasses many daunting tasks, including training health professionals as change agents. This training, along with the necessary changes it involves, is often filled with wicked problems that defy easy resolution. The agency of health care practitioners is central to these wicked problems and may simultaneously offer solutions to these complex issues. Despite the increasing recognition of the importance of practitioner agency in HSE literature, many researchers are unfamiliar with theories of agency and, further, have not considered Judith Butler’s theory of performativity, a post-structuralist theory, as a potential source of valuable insights into agency. This paper explores this Butlerian theory, aiming to make it accessible and practical for HSE scholars, and proposes its application in HSE through a process of reflexivity. We begin by mapping previous conceptions of agency based on existing reviews in the fields of education and HSE. We then present Butler’s theory of performativity and discuss how it could be used in HSE practice and research. We conclude by presenting potential “Butlerian methodologies” and by illustrating a few examples of topics in HSE where Butlerian approaches could be fruitful.</p>