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<p>Systematic evidence on production management quality and economic viability of smallholder agroforestry in dryland upland Java remains limited, and no prior study has simultaneously applied a quantitative POAC-based Weighted Value (WV) framework to assess both dimensions. This cross-sectional survey addressed this gap among 83 proportionally sampled smallholder farmers in Karangnunggal District, Tasikmalaya Regency, West Java — a rain-fed hilly zone (15–30% slopes; 2,000–2,500&#xa0;mm mean annual rainfall) dominated by polyculture agroforestry integrating timber, perennial plantation, and seasonal food crops on farms averaging 0.68&#xa0;ha. A five-point Likert instrument was administered through validated structured interviews (Pearson r ≥ 0.30; Cronbach’s α ≥ 0.70). Production management quality was assessed using the Planning, Organising, Actuating, and Controlling (POAC) framework with Weighted Value (WV) scoring; economic viability via the Revenue-to-Cost (R/C) Ratio.</p><p>Overall management quality was rated Good (WV = 69.7%), with dimension scores of 70.1% (Planning), 71.1% (Organising), 69.0% (Actuating), and 69.3% (Controlling). Finance/capital access was consistently the weakest sub-dimension, reflecting collateral barriers and exploitative informal credit (ijon) arrangements. The R/C Ratio of 1.57 confirms economic viability, positioning Karangnunggal smallholders within the central range of comparable regional evidence for rain-fed dryland agroforestry systems. Farm area was the only characteristic significantly correlated with overall management quality (ρ = 0.258, <i>p</i> = 0.018); respondent age negatively predicted Actuating performance specifically (ρ =  − 0.262, <i>p</i> = 0.017), reflecting physical capacity constraints in labour-intensive field operations. The validated POAC-WV instrument constitutes a replicable, quantitative assessment framework for smallholder agroforestry management, directly applicable to comparable systems across upland Southeast Asia.</p>

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Production management quality and farm economic viability of smallholder agroforestry in hilly dryland West Java: a POAC framework analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月2日

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  • Rina Nuryati,
  • Teguh Soedarto,
  • Hamidah Hendrarini,
  • Faqihuddin,
  • Cici Aulia Permata Bunda

摘要

Systematic evidence on production management quality and economic viability of smallholder agroforestry in dryland upland Java remains limited, and no prior study has simultaneously applied a quantitative POAC-based Weighted Value (WV) framework to assess both dimensions. This cross-sectional survey addressed this gap among 83 proportionally sampled smallholder farmers in Karangnunggal District, Tasikmalaya Regency, West Java — a rain-fed hilly zone (15–30% slopes; 2,000–2,500 mm mean annual rainfall) dominated by polyculture agroforestry integrating timber, perennial plantation, and seasonal food crops on farms averaging 0.68 ha. A five-point Likert instrument was administered through validated structured interviews (Pearson r ≥ 0.30; Cronbach’s α ≥ 0.70). Production management quality was assessed using the Planning, Organising, Actuating, and Controlling (POAC) framework with Weighted Value (WV) scoring; economic viability via the Revenue-to-Cost (R/C) Ratio.

Overall management quality was rated Good (WV = 69.7%), with dimension scores of 70.1% (Planning), 71.1% (Organising), 69.0% (Actuating), and 69.3% (Controlling). Finance/capital access was consistently the weakest sub-dimension, reflecting collateral barriers and exploitative informal credit (ijon) arrangements. The R/C Ratio of 1.57 confirms economic viability, positioning Karangnunggal smallholders within the central range of comparable regional evidence for rain-fed dryland agroforestry systems. Farm area was the only characteristic significantly correlated with overall management quality (ρ = 0.258, p = 0.018); respondent age negatively predicted Actuating performance specifically (ρ =  − 0.262, p = 0.017), reflecting physical capacity constraints in labour-intensive field operations. The validated POAC-WV instrument constitutes a replicable, quantitative assessment framework for smallholder agroforestry management, directly applicable to comparable systems across upland Southeast Asia.