<p>Baobab (<i>Adansonia digitata</i> L.) is a multipurpose tree of high nutritional, economic, and cultural importance in sub-Saharan Africa, but its domestication and conservation are constrained by limited information on trait variation, weak regeneration, long juvenile phases, ageing parkland trees, and lack of improved planting material. We characterised qualitative and quantitative fruit, seed, and tree traits in five wild and parkland populations in Malawi to generate baseline information for conservation and germplasm selection. In total, 135 trees were assessed for tree morphology and diameter at breast height (DBH), and 210 individual fruit observations across 13 fruit shapes were used for fruit and seed measurements. Twenty-four traits were examined: 11 quantitative and 2 qualitative fruit/seed traits, and 2 quantitative and 6 qualitative tree traits. Thirteen fruit shapes were recorded, with ellipsoid, oblong, and ovate occurring across all populations, while several forms were locally restricted. Additive two-way analysis of 11 quantitative traits, controlling fruit shape and population, showed that 10 traits differed significantly by fruit shape (p ≤ 0.05). High spheroid fruits had the greatest per-fruit biomass, pulp weight, total seed weight, and seed number, whereas clavate fruits had the largest individual seeds. Principal Component Analysis showed that PC1 and PC2 explained 66.4% of total variation. PC1 represented a fruit-size gradient, while PC2 captured individual seed-size variation. Populations overlapped substantially in multivariate trait space. DBH differed significantly among populations (F4121 = 12.25, p &lt; 0.001), with Karonga supporting the largest and Neno the smallest trees. These findings support multi-site conservation and targeted germplasm selection, while highlighting the need for common-garden, nutritional, soil, and repeated-year studies before firm genetic or productivity conclusions are drawn.</p>