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<p><i>Buchanania cochinchinensis</i> (Chironji) is a multipurpose tree valued for its edible kernels, oil, fuelwood, fodder, and medicinal properties. It plays a vital role in supporting tribal livelihoods. Despite its economic importance, the species is classified as vulnerable because of overharvesting, poor natural regeneration, and habitat degradation. Urgent implementation of conservation strategies and sustainable harvesting practices is essential to ensure its continued availability and ecological stability. This study evaluated the morphological and biochemical variability of 120 accessions from five different locations in central India from 2020–2023. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and hierarchical clustering (UPGMA) following a purposive sampling approach. Significant variability was recorded in key traits: tree height (5–15 m, mean = 8.01 m), girth at breast height (26–205.74 cm, mean = 82.61 cm), and crown spread (1.5–3.5 m, mean = 2.09 m). Reproductive traits, including panicle length (6–24 cm, mean = 13.35 cm) and fruit count per panicle (10–35, mean = 21.26), also varied. The CD (Chhindwara) population presented the best performance, with the highest girth (150.90 cm), fruit yield (22.90 fruits/panicle), and leaf area (126.18 cm<sup>2</sup>). Correlation analysis revealed significant associations, such as between girth and branch number (r = 0.576) and between kernel protein content and oil content (r = 0.904). Principal component analysis identified growth, yield, and kernel quality as the main contributors to variability. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram revealed that GB (Gariaband) and MS (Mahasamund) were the most similar populations, whereas CD was the most genetically divergent location. These findings indicate significant morphological and biochemical variation, providing a valuable foundation for breeding programs, conservation strategies, and the sustainable utilization of this economically important species.</p>

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Morphological and biochemical characterization of Chironji (Buchanania cochinchinensis (Lour.) M. R. Almeida) populations from central India for biodiversity conservation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月26日

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  • Ankur Dahayat,
  • Naseer Mohammad,
  • Raj Singh Yadav,
  • Poonam Verma

摘要

Buchanania cochinchinensis (Chironji) is a multipurpose tree valued for its edible kernels, oil, fuelwood, fodder, and medicinal properties. It plays a vital role in supporting tribal livelihoods. Despite its economic importance, the species is classified as vulnerable because of overharvesting, poor natural regeneration, and habitat degradation. Urgent implementation of conservation strategies and sustainable harvesting practices is essential to ensure its continued availability and ecological stability. This study evaluated the morphological and biochemical variability of 120 accessions from five different locations in central India from 2020–2023. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and hierarchical clustering (UPGMA) following a purposive sampling approach. Significant variability was recorded in key traits: tree height (5–15 m, mean = 8.01 m), girth at breast height (26–205.74 cm, mean = 82.61 cm), and crown spread (1.5–3.5 m, mean = 2.09 m). Reproductive traits, including panicle length (6–24 cm, mean = 13.35 cm) and fruit count per panicle (10–35, mean = 21.26), also varied. The CD (Chhindwara) population presented the best performance, with the highest girth (150.90 cm), fruit yield (22.90 fruits/panicle), and leaf area (126.18 cm2). Correlation analysis revealed significant associations, such as between girth and branch number (r = 0.576) and between kernel protein content and oil content (r = 0.904). Principal component analysis identified growth, yield, and kernel quality as the main contributors to variability. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram revealed that GB (Gariaband) and MS (Mahasamund) were the most similar populations, whereas CD was the most genetically divergent location. These findings indicate significant morphological and biochemical variation, providing a valuable foundation for breeding programs, conservation strategies, and the sustainable utilization of this economically important species.