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<p>Mediterranean silvopastoral systems are complex socio-ecological landscapes that provide multiple ecosystem services, including biodiversity conservation, climate regulation, soil protection, and livelihood support for rural communities. The development of these systems is increasingly challenged by global change drivers, such as climate change and land degradation, alongside the erosion of local livestock breeds that are central to the functioning of these ecological and socio-economic systems. While local breeds are adapted to Mediterranean environmental constraints, their contribution to system resilience remains fragmented across disciplines. Through a systematic review, this study synthesizes scientific evidence on the ecological and socio-economic contribution of local livestock breeds in Mediterranean and Mediterranean-like silvopastoral systems. Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, peer-reviewed studies published between 2015 and 2025 were retrieved from Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. A total of fifty-six studies were evaluated through a qualitative synthesis supported by a descriptive vote-counting approach to summarize reported outcomes, regardless of species, region, or management strategy. The reviewed literature suggests that locally adapted livestock breeds may contribute positively to ecosystem processes through vegetation control, biodiversity maintenance, and fire risk reduction, depending on species and silvopastoral system type. From a socio-economic perspective, local breeds were reported to provide increased livelihood security, preserve traditional knowledge, and remain cost-effective under low-input production systems. In situ management strategies were most effective when supported by appropriate combinations of economic and institutional incentives. Overall, these findings highlight the multidimensional role of local livestock breeds to ecological resilience, sustainable forest management, and climate-resilient rural livelihoods in Mediterranean silvopastoral systems.</p>

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Agroforestry in the service of ecological and socio-economic resilience: a systematic review of the role of local livestock breeds in Mediterranean silvopastoral systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月17日

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  • Khouloud Dahhou,
  • Younes Hmimsa,
  • Salama El Fatehi,
  • Kawtar Dahhou,
  • Ferdaous Sayfoudine,
  • Oussama Chetaouat,
  • Aicha Kinnidi,
  • Amr Kchikich,
  • Achraf Mabrouk,
  • Anass Ben Moula

摘要

Mediterranean silvopastoral systems are complex socio-ecological landscapes that provide multiple ecosystem services, including biodiversity conservation, climate regulation, soil protection, and livelihood support for rural communities. The development of these systems is increasingly challenged by global change drivers, such as climate change and land degradation, alongside the erosion of local livestock breeds that are central to the functioning of these ecological and socio-economic systems. While local breeds are adapted to Mediterranean environmental constraints, their contribution to system resilience remains fragmented across disciplines. Through a systematic review, this study synthesizes scientific evidence on the ecological and socio-economic contribution of local livestock breeds in Mediterranean and Mediterranean-like silvopastoral systems. Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, peer-reviewed studies published between 2015 and 2025 were retrieved from Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. A total of fifty-six studies were evaluated through a qualitative synthesis supported by a descriptive vote-counting approach to summarize reported outcomes, regardless of species, region, or management strategy. The reviewed literature suggests that locally adapted livestock breeds may contribute positively to ecosystem processes through vegetation control, biodiversity maintenance, and fire risk reduction, depending on species and silvopastoral system type. From a socio-economic perspective, local breeds were reported to provide increased livelihood security, preserve traditional knowledge, and remain cost-effective under low-input production systems. In situ management strategies were most effective when supported by appropriate combinations of economic and institutional incentives. Overall, these findings highlight the multidimensional role of local livestock breeds to ecological resilience, sustainable forest management, and climate-resilient rural livelihoods in Mediterranean silvopastoral systems.