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<p>Intercropping has become an important management practice in <i>Rhus chinensis</i> plantations to enhance soil fertility and maintain the ecological stability of Chinese gallnut production areas, yet quantitative evaluations of different intercropping combinations remain limited. This study assessed six systems—<i>R. chinensis</i> monoculture (R), <i>R. chinensis</i> × peanut (RA), × canna (RC), × soybean (RG), × sweet potato (RI), and × sweet potato × maize (RIZ)—based on soil samples collected from three depths (0–10, 10–20, 20–30&#xa0;cm) in 2022 and 2023. Measurements included soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and the activities of sucrase, urease, and catalase. Across both years, intercropping consistently improved nutrient availability relative to monoculture. RC and RG markedly enhanced organic matter accumulation and nitrogen and phosphorus availability, whereas RA and RG exhibited the highest sucrase and catalase activities, indicating strengthened microbial metabolism. Nutrient levels and enzyme activities generally increased from 2022 to 2023, suggesting cumulative positive effects under continuous intercropping. Strong positive correlations were observed between nutrients and enzyme activities, especially between organic matter, nitrogen forms, and carbon- and nitrogen-cycling enzymes. Principal component analysis further distinguished intercropping patterns based on integrated nutrient–enzyme responses, with RC and RA occupying the high-fertility region. A soil quality index integrating eight chemical and biochemical indicators ranked RC and RA highest, followed by RG and RI, while RIZ and monoculture showed the lowest scores. These findings demonstrate that intercropping with canna or legumes substantially improves soil fertility and biochemical functioning in <i>Rhus chinensis</i> plantations, providing a scientific basis for optimizing understorey management in Chinese gallnut production landscapes.</p>

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Intercropping improves soil fertility and enzyme activities in Rhus chinensis plantations

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月26日

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  • Ping Liu,
  • Hui-Qin Zhu,
  • Lu Qiao,
  • Yu-Qian Wang,
  • Zi-Xiang Yang,
  • Chao Wang,
  • Si-Ming Wang,
  • Bing Bai,
  • Yong-Qian Gao,
  • Qing-Hua Yan,
  • Zhen-Yuan Ruan

摘要

Intercropping has become an important management practice in Rhus chinensis plantations to enhance soil fertility and maintain the ecological stability of Chinese gallnut production areas, yet quantitative evaluations of different intercropping combinations remain limited. This study assessed six systems—R. chinensis monoculture (R), R. chinensis × peanut (RA), × canna (RC), × soybean (RG), × sweet potato (RI), and × sweet potato × maize (RIZ)—based on soil samples collected from three depths (0–10, 10–20, 20–30 cm) in 2022 and 2023. Measurements included soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and the activities of sucrase, urease, and catalase. Across both years, intercropping consistently improved nutrient availability relative to monoculture. RC and RG markedly enhanced organic matter accumulation and nitrogen and phosphorus availability, whereas RA and RG exhibited the highest sucrase and catalase activities, indicating strengthened microbial metabolism. Nutrient levels and enzyme activities generally increased from 2022 to 2023, suggesting cumulative positive effects under continuous intercropping. Strong positive correlations were observed between nutrients and enzyme activities, especially between organic matter, nitrogen forms, and carbon- and nitrogen-cycling enzymes. Principal component analysis further distinguished intercropping patterns based on integrated nutrient–enzyme responses, with RC and RA occupying the high-fertility region. A soil quality index integrating eight chemical and biochemical indicators ranked RC and RA highest, followed by RG and RI, while RIZ and monoculture showed the lowest scores. These findings demonstrate that intercropping with canna or legumes substantially improves soil fertility and biochemical functioning in Rhus chinensis plantations, providing a scientific basis for optimizing understorey management in Chinese gallnut production landscapes.