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<p>Intercropping, the simultaneous cultivation of two or more crops on the same land, is a widely adopted practice in agroforestry systems (AFS) to optimize land use, enhance biodiversity, and improve productivity. Despite its recognized agronomic benefits, the effects of intercropping on soil health parameters remain inconsistently reported. We conducted a meta-analysis of 1,276 paired observations derived from 35 peer-reviewed studies published between 2018 and 2023. The analysis assessed the influence of intercropping in AFS on soil organic carbon (SOC), soil nutrients (total nitrogen, nitrate, ammonium, available and total potassium, available and total phosphorus), and soil physicochemical properties (water content, porosity, bulk density, pH, C:N ratio, and cation exchange capacity. Intercropping significantly enhanced. However, the magnitude of this effect varied across environmental conditions, with more pronounced increases observed in tropical climates compared to temperate regions, and in soils with low initial carbon content. Positive effects were also observed on soil physicochemical properties, such as porosity and water content, while reductions in bulk density were noted. However, research on the effects of intercropping on soil biological characteristics is limited by the lack of studies and remains unclear. This meta-analysis demonstrates that intercropping in AFS substantially improves soil nutrient status and chemical properties, contributing to enhanced soil health and resilience. Further research is needed to clarify its effects on soil biological functions. These findings provide critical insights for advancing sustainable agroforestry practices and guiding future research and policy development.</p>

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The effect of intercropping on soil nutrients and soil organic carbon in an agroforestry system under different climatic conditions: A meta-analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月26日

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  • Taufiq Bachtiar,
  • Ratih Nurjayati,
  • Veny Rahmawati,
  • Hidawati,
  • Wilda Naily,
  • Rhazista Noviardi,
  • Merri Jayanti,
  • Dyah Marganingrum,
  • Asep Mulyono,
  • Ania Citraresmini,
  • Mieke Rochimi Setiawati,
  • Leons Rixson,
  • Eka Djatnika Nugraha,
  • Siti Wahyuningsih,
  • Mohd Noor Hidayat Adenan,
  • Muhammad Rahman Djuwansah

摘要

Intercropping, the simultaneous cultivation of two or more crops on the same land, is a widely adopted practice in agroforestry systems (AFS) to optimize land use, enhance biodiversity, and improve productivity. Despite its recognized agronomic benefits, the effects of intercropping on soil health parameters remain inconsistently reported. We conducted a meta-analysis of 1,276 paired observations derived from 35 peer-reviewed studies published between 2018 and 2023. The analysis assessed the influence of intercropping in AFS on soil organic carbon (SOC), soil nutrients (total nitrogen, nitrate, ammonium, available and total potassium, available and total phosphorus), and soil physicochemical properties (water content, porosity, bulk density, pH, C:N ratio, and cation exchange capacity. Intercropping significantly enhanced. However, the magnitude of this effect varied across environmental conditions, with more pronounced increases observed in tropical climates compared to temperate regions, and in soils with low initial carbon content. Positive effects were also observed on soil physicochemical properties, such as porosity and water content, while reductions in bulk density were noted. However, research on the effects of intercropping on soil biological characteristics is limited by the lack of studies and remains unclear. This meta-analysis demonstrates that intercropping in AFS substantially improves soil nutrient status and chemical properties, contributing to enhanced soil health and resilience. Further research is needed to clarify its effects on soil biological functions. These findings provide critical insights for advancing sustainable agroforestry practices and guiding future research and policy development.