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<p>Agroforestry is an innovative land-use that may increase the land profitability. Photosynthesis is the primary mechanism for biomass accumulation that is ultimately converted into plant yield. We investigated the yield and photosynthesis efficiency of apple trees and watermelons in both intercropping and monocropping systems by documenting yields, photosynthesis variables, growth indexes and economic profitability. The results showed that the final growth indexes of intercropped apples was higher than those of the monocroping orchard. On the contrary, due to the shading effect of high fruit trees on low crops, the growth of watermelon was inhibited, and the yield of intercropped watermelon was reduced compared to the monocrop. The net photosynthesis rate (<i>Pn</i>) of both apples and watermelons showed a diurnal bimodal pattern, and reached peak values between 10:00 and 12:00 and 14:00–16:00. The diurnal variation of photosynthetically active radiation (<i>PAR</i>) exhibits a unimodal pattern, with the peak <i>PAR</i> incident on apple trees (both intercropped and sole-cropped systems) occurring between 12:00 and 14:00, whereas watermelon plants (both intercropped and sole-cropped systems) peak <i>PAR</i> interception between 10:00 and 12:00. Intercropped apple trees and sole-cropped watermelon displayed higher <i>Pn</i> and <i>PAR</i>. The diurnal variation of stomatal conductance (<i>Gs</i>) and transpiration rate (<i>Tr</i>) of both apple and watermelon first increased and then decreased in an inverted V pattern, the diurnal variation trend of intercellular CO₂ concentration (<i>Ci</i>) showed a V pattern. <i>Gs</i>, <i>Tr</i>, and <i>Ci</i> were higher in intercropped apple trees than in sole-cropped apple trees, whereas these parameters were lower in intercropped watermelons compared to their sole-cropped watermelons. The yield of intercropped apples increased by 30.1%, and the intercropping income equivalent was higher than that of the monocropping system due to the higher price of apples. In the apple trees-watermelon intercropping system, the total income was 3.46 × 10<sup>4</sup> yuan/hm<sup>2</sup>,while the income of the single apple model was 1.46 × 10<sup>4</sup>yuan/hm<sup>2</sup>,The Land Equivalent Ratio(LER) and the Income Equivalent ratio(IER) of the intercropping system were 2.50 and 2.37 respectively.</p>

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Efficiency of apple trees-watermelon intercropping assessed by yields and photosynthesis response

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月13日

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  • Pei-pei Zhang,
  • Xiao-mei Ding,
  • Song-tao Liu,
  • S. M. El-Sawy,
  • Xiao-hu Ma,
  • Chao-fan Wei,
  • Zhi-xiang Zhang,
  • Wei Zhang,
  • Qian Li

摘要

Agroforestry is an innovative land-use that may increase the land profitability. Photosynthesis is the primary mechanism for biomass accumulation that is ultimately converted into plant yield. We investigated the yield and photosynthesis efficiency of apple trees and watermelons in both intercropping and monocropping systems by documenting yields, photosynthesis variables, growth indexes and economic profitability. The results showed that the final growth indexes of intercropped apples was higher than those of the monocroping orchard. On the contrary, due to the shading effect of high fruit trees on low crops, the growth of watermelon was inhibited, and the yield of intercropped watermelon was reduced compared to the monocrop. The net photosynthesis rate (Pn) of both apples and watermelons showed a diurnal bimodal pattern, and reached peak values between 10:00 and 12:00 and 14:00–16:00. The diurnal variation of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) exhibits a unimodal pattern, with the peak PAR incident on apple trees (both intercropped and sole-cropped systems) occurring between 12:00 and 14:00, whereas watermelon plants (both intercropped and sole-cropped systems) peak PAR interception between 10:00 and 12:00. Intercropped apple trees and sole-cropped watermelon displayed higher Pn and PAR. The diurnal variation of stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr) of both apple and watermelon first increased and then decreased in an inverted V pattern, the diurnal variation trend of intercellular CO₂ concentration (Ci) showed a V pattern. Gs, Tr, and Ci were higher in intercropped apple trees than in sole-cropped apple trees, whereas these parameters were lower in intercropped watermelons compared to their sole-cropped watermelons. The yield of intercropped apples increased by 30.1%, and the intercropping income equivalent was higher than that of the monocropping system due to the higher price of apples. In the apple trees-watermelon intercropping system, the total income was 3.46 × 104 yuan/hm2,while the income of the single apple model was 1.46 × 104yuan/hm2,The Land Equivalent Ratio(LER) and the Income Equivalent ratio(IER) of the intercropping system were 2.50 and 2.37 respectively.