Nutritional and feed ingredient potentials of earth ball (Icacina Mannii) in broiler chicken diets: a review
摘要
In pursuing sustainable energy feed alternatives for broiler chicken diets, earth ball (Icacina mannii) stands out as a viable substitute for maize due to its impressive energy profile. This review thoroughly investigates the origin, morphology, agronomy, nutrient and anti-nutritional characteristics of I. mannii tuber, and its feeding value for broiler chickens. Native to South America, this perennial plant features a tuberous root system that enhances its adaptability to various soil conditions. Its unique morphology includes, a notable underground tuber with considerable nutritional benefits, making it an appealing alternative to conventional energy sources. Agronomically, it demonstrates robust resilience, requiring minimal agricultural inputs and flourishing in low-quality soils, which supports its role in sustainable farming practices. Nutritional assessments indicate that it is abundant in carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, and minerals, potentially matching maize in nutrient density. Studies examining its feeding value in broiler chicken diets indicated favourable impacts on growth performance, highlighting its promise for enhancing broiler chicken production. However, the presence of anti-nutritional factors in earth ball may hinder its effectiveness as a feed ingredient, necessitating careful processing to optimize its feed value. The present review concludes that I. mannii tuber has the nutritional potential to serve as an alternative source of energy for maize in broiler chicken diets. It also underscores the importance of further studies to identify optimal processing techniques that will enhance its viability as a sustainable alternative to maize in broiler chicken diets.