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<p>Oilseed-based agroforestry offers a sustainable alternative to cereal-based intercropping within agroforestry systems. This study aimed to optimize the yield of Indian mustard (<i>Brassica juncea</i> L.) under a poplar (<i>Populus deltoides</i> Bartr.) plantation by adjusting sowing times and selecting suitable genotype. The experiment evaluated the interactive effects of growing environments, sowing times, and genotypes on the growth and yield of Indian mustard. The study was conducted in 4- and 5-year-old poplar plantation over two consecutive rabi seasons (2020–2021 and 2021–2022), with trees spaced at 5&#xa0;m × 4&#xa0;m. Three Indian mustard genotypes (RCH 1, PHR 126 and PBR 357) were sown at four different times (1st October, 15th October, 1st November, and 15th November) under two growing conditions: open-field and intercropped within the poplar plantation. By the 5th year, the poplar trees had attained an average diameter of 17.9&#xa0;cm, height of 16.9&#xa0;m, and crown spread of 18.3&#xa0;m<sup>2</sup>. Microclimatic observations revealed higher temperatures (1–1.2&#xa0;°C) under open conditions than poplar canopy, while relative humidity was consistently higher (5.0–5.7%) beneath the poplar canopy. Photosynthetically active radiation within the poplar plantation declined from mid-October until mid-January, followed by a gradual increase. The findings highlighted that the genotype PBR 357, sown on 15th October, achieved the highest growth and yield parameters under poplar canopy. Seed yield was 17.80 and 16.96&#xa0;q&#xa0;ha<sup>−1</sup> in the 4th and 5th years of poplar, respectively. The percentage reduction in seed yield recorded under the 4-year-old poplar canopy was 29.1%, while under the 5-year-old canopy it increased to 34.6%. In contrast, genotype RCH 1 exhibited superior performance as a sole crop compared to PHR 126 and PBR 357. Thus, combining an optimal sowing time with a well-adapted genotype enhances the productivity and sustainability of agroforestry-based cropping systems.</p>

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Indian mustard genotypes show varied response to sowing times under poplar (Populus deltoides Bartr.) in the irrigated agroecosystem of North-Western India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月29日

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  • Puneet Kaur,
  • Navneet Kaur,
  • Rishi I. S. Gill,
  • Harmandeep Kaur,
  • Virender Sardana

摘要

Oilseed-based agroforestry offers a sustainable alternative to cereal-based intercropping within agroforestry systems. This study aimed to optimize the yield of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L.) under a poplar (Populus deltoides Bartr.) plantation by adjusting sowing times and selecting suitable genotype. The experiment evaluated the interactive effects of growing environments, sowing times, and genotypes on the growth and yield of Indian mustard. The study was conducted in 4- and 5-year-old poplar plantation over two consecutive rabi seasons (2020–2021 and 2021–2022), with trees spaced at 5 m × 4 m. Three Indian mustard genotypes (RCH 1, PHR 126 and PBR 357) were sown at four different times (1st October, 15th October, 1st November, and 15th November) under two growing conditions: open-field and intercropped within the poplar plantation. By the 5th year, the poplar trees had attained an average diameter of 17.9 cm, height of 16.9 m, and crown spread of 18.3 m2. Microclimatic observations revealed higher temperatures (1–1.2 °C) under open conditions than poplar canopy, while relative humidity was consistently higher (5.0–5.7%) beneath the poplar canopy. Photosynthetically active radiation within the poplar plantation declined from mid-October until mid-January, followed by a gradual increase. The findings highlighted that the genotype PBR 357, sown on 15th October, achieved the highest growth and yield parameters under poplar canopy. Seed yield was 17.80 and 16.96 q ha−1 in the 4th and 5th years of poplar, respectively. The percentage reduction in seed yield recorded under the 4-year-old poplar canopy was 29.1%, while under the 5-year-old canopy it increased to 34.6%. In contrast, genotype RCH 1 exhibited superior performance as a sole crop compared to PHR 126 and PBR 357. Thus, combining an optimal sowing time with a well-adapted genotype enhances the productivity and sustainability of agroforestry-based cropping systems.