<p>We construct smooth symplectic resolutions of the quotient of <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10455_2024_9971_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="18" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathbb {R}}^2 \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> under some <i>infinite</i> discrete sub-group of <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10455_2024_9971_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="54" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\textrm{ GL}}_2({\mathbb {R}}) \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mrow> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>GL</mtext> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> preserving a log-symplectic structure. This extends from algebraic geometry to smooth real differential geometry the Du Val symplectic resolution of <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10455_2024_9971_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="41" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({\mathbb {C}}^2 \hspace{-1.5pt} / \hspace{-1.5pt}G\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mi> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mspace width="-1.5pt" /> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <mspace width="-1.5pt" /> <mi>G</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, with <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10455_2024_9971_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="92" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(G \subset {\textrm{ SL}}_2({\mathbb {C}}) \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>G</mi> <mo>⊂</mo> <msub> <mrow> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>SL</mtext> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">C</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> a finite group. The first of these <i>infinite</i> groups is <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10455_2024_9971_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="48" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(G={\mathbb {Z}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>G</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, identified to triangular matrices with spectrum <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10455_2024_9971_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="31" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\{1\} \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Smooth functions on the quotient <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10455_2024_9971_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="40" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {R}^2 \hspace{-1.5pt} / \hspace{-1.5pt} G \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mspace width="-1.5pt" /> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <mspace width="-1.5pt" /> <mi>G</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> come with a natural Poisson bracket, and <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10455_2024_9971_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="40" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {R}^2\hspace{-1.5pt} / \hspace{-1.5pt}G\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mspace width="-1.5pt" /> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <mspace width="-1.5pt" /> <mi>G</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is for an arbitrary <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10455_2024_9971_Article_IEq11.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="42" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(k \ge 1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>k</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> set-isomorphic to the real Du Val singular variety <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10455_2024_9971_Article_IEq12.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="264" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(A_{2k} = \{(x,y,z) \in {\mathbb {R}}^3, x^2 +y^2= z^{2k}\}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>z</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo>∈</mo> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mn>3</mn> </msup> <mo>,</mo> <msup> <mi>x</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mi>y</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>z</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. We show that each one of the usual minimal resolutions of these Du Val varieties are symplectic resolutions of <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10455_2024_9971_Article_IEq13.gif" Format="GIF" Height="20" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="40" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {R}^2\hspace{-1.5pt} / \hspace{-1.5pt}G\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </mrow> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mspace width="-1.5pt" /> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <mspace width="-1.5pt" /> <mi>G</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. The same holds for <InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10455_2024_9971_Article_IEq14.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="108" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(G'={\mathbb {Z}} \rtimes {\mathbb {Z}}\hspace{-1.5pt} / \hspace{-1.5pt}2\mathbb {Z}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msup> <mi>G</mi> <mo>′</mo> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi> <mo>⋊</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi> <mspace width="-1.5pt" /> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <mspace width="-1.5pt" /> <mn>2</mn> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> (identified to triangular matrices with spectrum <InlineEquation ID="IEq15"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10455_2024_9971_Article_IEq15.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="44" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\{\pm 1\} \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">{</mo> <mo>±</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">}</mo> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>), with the upper half of the Du Val singularity <InlineEquation ID="IEq16"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10455_2024_9971_Article_IEq16.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="43" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(D_{2k+1} \)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>D</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>k</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> playing the role of <InlineEquation ID="IEq17"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10455_2024_9971_Article_IEq17.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="28" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(A_{2k}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi>A</mi> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mi>k</mi> </mrow> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>.</p>

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Symplectic resolutions of the quotient of \( {{\mathbb {R}}}^2 \) by an infinite symplectic discrete group

  • Hichem Lassoued,
  • Camille Laurent-Gengoux

摘要

We construct smooth symplectic resolutions of the quotient of \({\mathbb {R}}^2 \) R 2 under some infinite discrete sub-group of \({\textrm{ GL}}_2({\mathbb {R}}) \) GL 2 ( R ) preserving a log-symplectic structure. This extends from algebraic geometry to smooth real differential geometry the Du Val symplectic resolution of \({\mathbb {C}}^2 \hspace{-1.5pt} / \hspace{-1.5pt}G\) C 2 / G , with \(G \subset {\textrm{ SL}}_2({\mathbb {C}}) \) G SL 2 ( C ) a finite group. The first of these infinite groups is \(G={\mathbb {Z}}\) G = Z , identified to triangular matrices with spectrum \(\{1\} \) { 1 } . Smooth functions on the quotient \(\mathbb {R}^2 \hspace{-1.5pt} / \hspace{-1.5pt} G \) R 2 / G come with a natural Poisson bracket, and \(\mathbb {R}^2\hspace{-1.5pt} / \hspace{-1.5pt}G\) R 2 / G is for an arbitrary \(k \ge 1\) k 1 set-isomorphic to the real Du Val singular variety \(A_{2k} = \{(x,y,z) \in {\mathbb {R}}^3, x^2 +y^2= z^{2k}\}\) A 2 k = { ( x , y , z ) R 3 , x 2 + y 2 = z 2 k } . We show that each one of the usual minimal resolutions of these Du Val varieties are symplectic resolutions of \(\mathbb {R}^2\hspace{-1.5pt} / \hspace{-1.5pt}G\) R 2 / G . The same holds for \(G'={\mathbb {Z}} \rtimes {\mathbb {Z}}\hspace{-1.5pt} / \hspace{-1.5pt}2\mathbb {Z}\) G = Z Z / 2 Z (identified to triangular matrices with spectrum \(\{\pm 1\} \) { ± 1 } ), with the upper half of the Du Val singularity \(D_{2k+1} \) D 2 k + 1 playing the role of \(A_{2k}\) A 2 k .