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<p>Climate change is modifying meteorological conditions in ways that influence airborne pollen dynamics, with implications for human health. This study examines the relationship between extreme weather events and extreme pollen concentrations across the Iberian Peninsula from 2009 to 2021 using a quantile-based analytical approach. Data from six Spanish cities, grouped into central and southeastern regions, were analysed for eight pollen taxa, total pollen, and multiple meteorological variables using standardised monitoring methods and percentile-based classification. The results revealed clear regional contrasts: central Spain experienced higher pollen concentrations, especially from arboreal taxa such as Cupressaceae and <i>Platanus</i>, whereas southeastern Spain was dominated by herbaceous pollen, particularly Amaranthaceae. Extreme pollen events were more frequent and intense in central Spain. Abrupt increases in temperature were generally associated with higher pollen concentrations, particularly for <i>Olea</i>, Poaceae, Urticaceae and <i>Platanus</i>. In contrast, intense precipitation events were generally associated with reductions in arboreal pollen concentrations due to the washout effect of rainfall. Wind speed and relative humidity exerted pollen- and site-specific effects, notably sharp wind-driven increases in <i>Olea</i> pollen in Toledo. The findings highlight region- and taxa-specific sensitivities of pollen to weather variability, underscoring the need for localised public health and environmental management strategies. These results are relevant for the entire Mediterranean region where the impacts of extreme climate events are already evident.</p>

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Changes in pollen exposure driven by intense meteorological fluctuations

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月4日

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  • Jorge Romero-Morte,
  • Jesús Rojo,
  • Beatriz Lara,
  • Rosa María Rodríguez-Arias,
  • Federico Fernández-González,
  • Francisco Aznar,
  • Luis Negral,
  • Stella Moreno-Grau,
  • José María Moreno,
  • Rosa Pérez-Badia

摘要

Climate change is modifying meteorological conditions in ways that influence airborne pollen dynamics, with implications for human health. This study examines the relationship between extreme weather events and extreme pollen concentrations across the Iberian Peninsula from 2009 to 2021 using a quantile-based analytical approach. Data from six Spanish cities, grouped into central and southeastern regions, were analysed for eight pollen taxa, total pollen, and multiple meteorological variables using standardised monitoring methods and percentile-based classification. The results revealed clear regional contrasts: central Spain experienced higher pollen concentrations, especially from arboreal taxa such as Cupressaceae and Platanus, whereas southeastern Spain was dominated by herbaceous pollen, particularly Amaranthaceae. Extreme pollen events were more frequent and intense in central Spain. Abrupt increases in temperature were generally associated with higher pollen concentrations, particularly for Olea, Poaceae, Urticaceae and Platanus. In contrast, intense precipitation events were generally associated with reductions in arboreal pollen concentrations due to the washout effect of rainfall. Wind speed and relative humidity exerted pollen- and site-specific effects, notably sharp wind-driven increases in Olea pollen in Toledo. The findings highlight region- and taxa-specific sensitivities of pollen to weather variability, underscoring the need for localised public health and environmental management strategies. These results are relevant for the entire Mediterranean region where the impacts of extreme climate events are already evident.