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<p>In this study, activated carbons (ACs) were produced through a one-step physical activation of raw biomasses (distilled mint, chestnut wood, chestnut leaves) in pure CO<sub>2</sub> atmosphere. The biomasses were activated without any pretreatment. The textural properties of the ACs were characterized with N<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption measurements, and advanced models such as Dubinin-Astakhov (DA) equation and 2D-NLDFT model were applied to provide a comprehensive understanding of the porosity development of the ACs. Highly microporous ACs were successfully produced from distilled mint through one-step activation (up to 937&#xa0;m²/g). The evolution of the specific surface area as a function of activation degree of the resource follows a bell-shaped curve, with an optimum that depends on the nature of the resource. Regarding the pore size distribution, both the DA and 2D-NLDFT models agree that micropore heterogeneity increases as activation progresses. Finally, this study highlights the challenges associated with applying advanced adsorption-based textural characterization methods to ash-rich, heterogeneous biomass-derived chars. A discrepancy was observed between the CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption data and the 2D-NLDFT and DA models for highly activated chars. These deviations indicate that adsorption behavior is likely governed by multiple interrelated factors, potentially arising from the presence of heterogeneous inorganic fractions, including carbon structure evolution, pore architecture, and surface chemistry, thereby complicating the interpretation of CO<sub>2</sub>-sorption-derived textural parameters.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Extensive textural characterization of ash-rich chars produced by one-step activation of biomass under pure CO2 atmosphere

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月28日

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  • Florent Thevenon,
  • Philippe Bernard Himbane,
  • Wassim Sebai,
  • Sylène Monnier,
  • Luisa Julieth Parra-Serrano,
  • Stéphane Boivin,
  • Olivier Taugourdeau,
  • Hassan Boukcim,
  • Alfredo Napoli,
  • Nicolas Brun

摘要

In this study, activated carbons (ACs) were produced through a one-step physical activation of raw biomasses (distilled mint, chestnut wood, chestnut leaves) in pure CO2 atmosphere. The biomasses were activated without any pretreatment. The textural properties of the ACs were characterized with N2 and CO2 adsorption measurements, and advanced models such as Dubinin-Astakhov (DA) equation and 2D-NLDFT model were applied to provide a comprehensive understanding of the porosity development of the ACs. Highly microporous ACs were successfully produced from distilled mint through one-step activation (up to 937 m²/g). The evolution of the specific surface area as a function of activation degree of the resource follows a bell-shaped curve, with an optimum that depends on the nature of the resource. Regarding the pore size distribution, both the DA and 2D-NLDFT models agree that micropore heterogeneity increases as activation progresses. Finally, this study highlights the challenges associated with applying advanced adsorption-based textural characterization methods to ash-rich, heterogeneous biomass-derived chars. A discrepancy was observed between the CO2 adsorption data and the 2D-NLDFT and DA models for highly activated chars. These deviations indicate that adsorption behavior is likely governed by multiple interrelated factors, potentially arising from the presence of heterogeneous inorganic fractions, including carbon structure evolution, pore architecture, and surface chemistry, thereby complicating the interpretation of CO2-sorption-derived textural parameters.

Graphical Abstract