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<p>Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are highly porous and crystalline materials synthesized from metal ions and organic ligands. They have received attention from researchers in recent years due to their enormous applications, such as separation, sensors, gas storage, and catalysis. MOFs are categorized as nanoporous, mesoporous, and microporous based on the size of the pores. Functionality of MOFs depends on their pore size and overall charge. BTEX, a subclass of volatile organic compounds found in air, is classified as a hazardous pollutant because of its toxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic nature. One practical strategy for protecting the environment is the sequestration of multi-component BTEX using MOFs as sorbents. This review discusses the classification of MOFs and highlights the green and economical methodologies adopted for the synthesis of MOFs in order to facilitate their commercialization. This article also presents an overview of the adsorption of BTEX using various types of MOFs. More significantly, plausible processes for the adsorption or interaction of BTEX compounds with MOFs are discussed. The various kinds of interaction, including hydrophobic interactions, π–π stacking, hydrogen bonding, interaction at open metal site, and electrostatic interaction, are discussed. These processes are usually impacted by the ligands' structure and functionalization, the MOFs functionalization, the pore size, and the surface structure of the MOF.</p>

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Synthesis, classification, characterization and applications of metal–organic frameworks with mechanistic perspectives for BTEX adsorption

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月8日

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  • Nilam Swain,
  • Aditya Ranjan Ray,
  • Haritbarna Nathi,
  • Prasant Kumar Sahoo,
  • Sujata Mishra

摘要

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are highly porous and crystalline materials synthesized from metal ions and organic ligands. They have received attention from researchers in recent years due to their enormous applications, such as separation, sensors, gas storage, and catalysis. MOFs are categorized as nanoporous, mesoporous, and microporous based on the size of the pores. Functionality of MOFs depends on their pore size and overall charge. BTEX, a subclass of volatile organic compounds found in air, is classified as a hazardous pollutant because of its toxic, carcinogenic, and mutagenic nature. One practical strategy for protecting the environment is the sequestration of multi-component BTEX using MOFs as sorbents. This review discusses the classification of MOFs and highlights the green and economical methodologies adopted for the synthesis of MOFs in order to facilitate their commercialization. This article also presents an overview of the adsorption of BTEX using various types of MOFs. More significantly, plausible processes for the adsorption or interaction of BTEX compounds with MOFs are discussed. The various kinds of interaction, including hydrophobic interactions, π–π stacking, hydrogen bonding, interaction at open metal site, and electrostatic interaction, are discussed. These processes are usually impacted by the ligands' structure and functionalization, the MOFs functionalization, the pore size, and the surface structure of the MOF.