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<p>This study presents the design and evaluation of a microvascular self-healing system (SHS) integrated into carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) T-joint structures subjected to low-velocity impact. T-joints are critical structural connections in aerospace assemblies but are highly susceptible to delamination and adhesive failure, particularly within the deltoid region. To address these weaknesses, a novel embedded microvascular network was developed using hollow channels designed to deliver a low-viscosity 80%ENB–20%DCPD healing agent. Numerical simulations coupled with experimental validation were conducted to assess impact damage, flow behavior, and healing efficiency. Results revealed that the deltoid and adhesive interface regions exhibit the highest stress concentration and damage propagation under impact. The optimized microvascular system demonstrated full damage filling within 30&#xa0;min under a pressure difference of 75.26&#xa0;Pa, achieving 99.98% filling efficiency without compromising the structural integrity of the T-joint. This study provides a practical engineering framework for implementing self-healing technology in load-bearing composite joints. The proposed design is directly applicable to aircraft structural systems where the in-service repair technique is a critical performance requirement. These findings confirm that microvascular-based self-healing systems can effectively restore structural performance and extend the service life of composite joints in different applications.</p>

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Design and Evaluation of a Microvascular Self-Healing System for T-Joint Composites under Low-Velocity Impact: Damage Tolerance Threshold and Healing Efficiency

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月21日

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  • Ameer S. Zirjawi,
  • Pu Xue,
  • Shakir Hussain Chaudhry,
  • M. S. Zahran

摘要

This study presents the design and evaluation of a microvascular self-healing system (SHS) integrated into carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) T-joint structures subjected to low-velocity impact. T-joints are critical structural connections in aerospace assemblies but are highly susceptible to delamination and adhesive failure, particularly within the deltoid region. To address these weaknesses, a novel embedded microvascular network was developed using hollow channels designed to deliver a low-viscosity 80%ENB–20%DCPD healing agent. Numerical simulations coupled with experimental validation were conducted to assess impact damage, flow behavior, and healing efficiency. Results revealed that the deltoid and adhesive interface regions exhibit the highest stress concentration and damage propagation under impact. The optimized microvascular system demonstrated full damage filling within 30 min under a pressure difference of 75.26 Pa, achieving 99.98% filling efficiency without compromising the structural integrity of the T-joint. This study provides a practical engineering framework for implementing self-healing technology in load-bearing composite joints. The proposed design is directly applicable to aircraft structural systems where the in-service repair technique is a critical performance requirement. These findings confirm that microvascular-based self-healing systems can effectively restore structural performance and extend the service life of composite joints in different applications.