<p>In this paper, we consider the existence of solutions for the following nonlinear Schrödinger equation with <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10440_2025_713_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="19" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$L^{2}$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>-norm constraint <Equation ID="Equa"> <MediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10440_2025_713_Article_Equa.gif" Format="GIF" Height="66" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="339" /> </MediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mo>{</mo> <mtable columnalign="left left" columnspacing="1em"> <mtr> <mtd> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>s</mi> </msup> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>λ</mi> <mi>u</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>μ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>u</mi> <msup> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mrow> <mi>q</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>u</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>u</mi> <msup> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mrow> <mi>p</mi> <mo>−</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mi>u</mi> </mtd> <mtd> <mtext>&#xa0;in&#xa0;</mtext> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <mi>u</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mtd> <mtd> <mtext>&#xa0;on&#xa0;</mtext> <mi>∂</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>,</mo> </mtd> </mtr> <mtr> <mtd> <msub> <mo>∫</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </msub> <msup> <mi>u</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mi>d</mi> <mi>x</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msup> <mi>a</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo>,</mo> </mtd> <mtd /> </mtr> </mtable> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\( \left \{ \textstyle\begin{array}{l@{\quad }l} (-\Delta )^{s} u=\lambda u+\mu |u|^{q-2} u+ |u|^{p-2} u &amp; \text{ in } \Omega , \\ u=0 &amp; \text{ on } \partial \Omega , \\ \int _{\Omega }u^{2} d x=a^{2}, &amp; \end{array}\displaystyle \right . \)</EquationSource> </Equation> where <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10440_2025_713_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="66" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>s</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>0</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$s\in (0,1)$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10440_2025_713_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="60" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>μ</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>a</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\mu ,a&gt;0$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10440_2025_713_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="48" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>N</mi> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>3</mn> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$N\ge 3$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10440_2025_713_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="22" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="136" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mn>2</mn> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>q</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mi>p</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>+</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mn>4</mn> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> <mi>N</mi> </mfrac> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$2&lt; q&lt; p&lt;2+\frac{4s}{N}$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10440_2025_713_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="47" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mo>−</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mi>s</mi> </msup> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$(-\Delta )^{s}$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is the fractional Laplacian operator, <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10440_2025_713_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="58" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo>⊆</mo> <msup> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> <mi>N</mi> </msup> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\Omega \subseteq \mathbb{R}^{N}$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is an exterior domain, that is, <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10440_2025_713_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="13" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\Omega $</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is an unbounded domain in <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10440_2025_713_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="23" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> <mi>N</mi> </msup> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\mathbb{R}^{N}$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10440_2025_713_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="43" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> <mi>N</mi> </msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">∖</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\mathbb{R}^{N}\backslash \Omega $</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> non-empty and bounded and <InlineEquation ID="IEq11"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10440_2025_713_Article_IEq11.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="43" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>λ</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\lambda \in \mathbb{R}$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is Lagrange multiplier, which appears due to the mass constraint <InlineEquation ID="IEq12"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10440_2025_713_Article_IEq12.gif" Format="GIF" Height="22" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="96" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mi>u</mi> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <msub> <mo stretchy="false">|</mo> <mrow> <msup> <mi>L</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </msub> <mo>=</mo> <mi>a</mi> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$||u||_{L^{2}(\Omega )}= a$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. In this paper, we use Brouwer degree, barycentric functions and minimax method to prove that for any <InlineEquation ID="IEq13"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10440_2025_713_Article_IEq13.gif" Format="GIF" Height="13" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="41" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>a</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$a &gt; 0$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, there exists a positive solution <InlineEquation ID="IEq14"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10440_2025_713_Article_IEq14.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="77" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>u</mi> <mo>∈</mo> <msubsup> <mi>H</mi> <mn>0</mn> <mi>s</mi> </msubsup> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$u\in H^{s}_{0} (\Omega )$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> for some <InlineEquation ID="IEq15"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10440_2025_713_Article_IEq15.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="42" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>λ</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\lambda &lt;0$</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> if <InlineEquation ID="IEq16"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10440_2025_713_Article_IEq16.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="43" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msup> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi> <mi>N</mi> </msup> <mi mathvariant="normal">∖</mi> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi> </math></EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="TEX">$\mathbb{R}^{N}\backslash \Omega $</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is contained in a small ball.</p>

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Normalized Solutions of Fractional Schrödinger Equations with Combined Nonlinearities in Exterior Domains

  • Ting-Ting Dai,
  • Zeng-Qi Ou,
  • Ying Lv

摘要

In this paper, we consider the existence of solutions for the following nonlinear Schrödinger equation with L 2 $L^{2}$ -norm constraint { ( Δ ) s u = λ u + μ | u | q 2 u + | u | p 2 u  in  Ω , u = 0  on  Ω , Ω u 2 d x = a 2 , \( \left \{ \textstyle\begin{array}{l@{\quad }l} (-\Delta )^{s} u=\lambda u+\mu |u|^{q-2} u+ |u|^{p-2} u & \text{ in } \Omega , \\ u=0 & \text{ on } \partial \Omega , \\ \int _{\Omega }u^{2} d x=a^{2}, & \end{array}\displaystyle \right . \) where s ( 0 , 1 ) $s\in (0,1)$ , μ , a > 0 $\mu ,a>0$ , N 3 $N\ge 3$ , 2 < q < p < 2 + 4 s N $2< q< p<2+\frac{4s}{N}$ , ( Δ ) s $(-\Delta )^{s}$ is the fractional Laplacian operator, Ω R N $\Omega \subseteq \mathbb{R}^{N}$ is an exterior domain, that is, Ω $\Omega $ is an unbounded domain in R N $\mathbb{R}^{N}$ with R N Ω $\mathbb{R}^{N}\backslash \Omega $ non-empty and bounded and λ R $\lambda \in \mathbb{R}$ is Lagrange multiplier, which appears due to the mass constraint | | u | | L 2 ( Ω ) = a $||u||_{L^{2}(\Omega )}= a$ . In this paper, we use Brouwer degree, barycentric functions and minimax method to prove that for any a > 0 $a > 0$ , there exists a positive solution u H 0 s ( Ω ) $u\in H^{s}_{0} (\Omega )$ for some λ < 0 $\lambda <0$ if R N Ω $\mathbb{R}^{N}\backslash \Omega $ is contained in a small ball.