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<p>Our previous study had confirmed that lifetime intellectual cognitive reserve (LICR) is associated with better late-life cognition. However, whether LICR can delay cognitive decline remains unknown. We systematically examined the influence of LICR on cognitive trajectories, as well as mild cognitive impairment (MCI) risk, and whether such associations differ by sex. A total of 1308 cognitively intact individuals (mean age 65.54&#xa0;years) were included. Information on early educational attainment, midlife occupational complexity and mental leisure activities after retirement collected at baseline was used to construct LICR, while cognitive domain scores were derived from several neuropsychological tests assessed at baseline and twice follow-up, using confirmatory factor analysis. Data were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models and Cox regression models. Compared to participants with lower LICR, those with higher LICR exhibited significantly slower language ability decline (<i>β</i> = 0.071, 95% CI 0.002–0.14, <i>p</i> = 0.043), reduced risk of MCI (HR = 0.44, 95% CI 0.23–0.85, <i>p</i> = 0.014) and non-amnestic MCI (naMCI) (HR = 0.09, 95% CI 0.03–0.34, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), rather than aMCI. Examination of its components showed that higher educational attainment was related to slower language ability decline (<i>β</i> = 0.014, 95% CI 0.004–0.02, <i>p</i> = 0.004), and it was also associated with reduced risk of naMCI (HR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.74–0.94, <i>p</i> = 0.004). Analyses by sex revealed that women with higher LICR had slower language ability decline (<i>β</i> = 0.04, 95% CI 0.01–0.07, <i>p</i> = 0.003). Among older adults, especially women, higher LICR was associated with preserved language ability and a lower risk of naMCI.</p>

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Sex differences in the effects of lifetime intellectual cognitive reserve on language trajectory and risk of non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment: a longitudinal study

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月29日

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  • Dandan Wang,
  • Mingxi Dang,
  • Shijie Long,
  • Jun Wang,
  • Xiaoyi Hu,
  • Xin Li,
  • Zhanjun Zhang

摘要

Our previous study had confirmed that lifetime intellectual cognitive reserve (LICR) is associated with better late-life cognition. However, whether LICR can delay cognitive decline remains unknown. We systematically examined the influence of LICR on cognitive trajectories, as well as mild cognitive impairment (MCI) risk, and whether such associations differ by sex. A total of 1308 cognitively intact individuals (mean age 65.54 years) were included. Information on early educational attainment, midlife occupational complexity and mental leisure activities after retirement collected at baseline was used to construct LICR, while cognitive domain scores were derived from several neuropsychological tests assessed at baseline and twice follow-up, using confirmatory factor analysis. Data were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models and Cox regression models. Compared to participants with lower LICR, those with higher LICR exhibited significantly slower language ability decline (β = 0.071, 95% CI 0.002–0.14, p = 0.043), reduced risk of MCI (HR = 0.44, 95% CI 0.23–0.85, p = 0.014) and non-amnestic MCI (naMCI) (HR = 0.09, 95% CI 0.03–0.34, p < 0.001), rather than aMCI. Examination of its components showed that higher educational attainment was related to slower language ability decline (β = 0.014, 95% CI 0.004–0.02, p = 0.004), and it was also associated with reduced risk of naMCI (HR = 0.84, 95% CI 0.74–0.94, p = 0.004). Analyses by sex revealed that women with higher LICR had slower language ability decline (β = 0.04, 95% CI 0.01–0.07, p = 0.003). Among older adults, especially women, higher LICR was associated with preserved language ability and a lower risk of naMCI.