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<p>Although reduced ejection fraction (EF, normal range: 50%–70%) is a hallmark of systolic heart failure, the pathogenesis underlying impaired systolic function remains unclear, and the hemodynamics may play an important role in the process. Here, we present a two-way coupled three-dimensional fluid-structure interaction (FSI) study to compare hemodynamic and biomechanical behavior in a left heart (LH) model with two pathological EF values: severely impaired (24%) and moderately impaired (40%). FSI of the mitral valve (MV) and the aortic valve (AV) has been included. The hemodynamic outputs, detailed flow field, valvular dynamics, and the energy balance are discussed. The results show coordinated opening and closing of the valves and corresponding pressure rise and fall in the ventricle. Comparison of the two EF cases reveals that EF = 40% improves the performance of the MV, achieving a significantly higher inflow velocity and a larger geometric orifice area (GOA) while maintaining the GOA of the AV. Both cases show a competent closure of the AV with negligible regurgitation. The opening of the diastolic MV initiates a bifurcated jet that transitions to a central high-speed stream, generating left ventricle (LV) vortices that mitigate the risk of stasis, a mechanism that is attenuated at EF = 24%. Energy analysis shows EF = 40% requires a greater input of LV work, coupled with an elevated power and kinetic energy flux at the aortic outlet, and dissipation within LH. These findings may help elucidate the EF-dependent hemodynamic coupling underlying pathological and compensatory cardiac functions and may provide a framework for future study of a pathological feedback loop linking valvular function, ventricular filling, and cardiac output.</p>

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Fluid-structure interaction of left ventricle with impaired ventricular contractility

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月4日

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  • Yihan Wang,
  • Yumeng Cai,
  • Meng Pang,
  • Yongyan Xu,
  • Ghassan S. Kassab,
  • Cong Zhou,
  • J. Geoffrey Chase,
  • Xiaoqi Chen,
  • Haoxiang Luo,
  • Ye Chen

摘要

Although reduced ejection fraction (EF, normal range: 50%–70%) is a hallmark of systolic heart failure, the pathogenesis underlying impaired systolic function remains unclear, and the hemodynamics may play an important role in the process. Here, we present a two-way coupled three-dimensional fluid-structure interaction (FSI) study to compare hemodynamic and biomechanical behavior in a left heart (LH) model with two pathological EF values: severely impaired (24%) and moderately impaired (40%). FSI of the mitral valve (MV) and the aortic valve (AV) has been included. The hemodynamic outputs, detailed flow field, valvular dynamics, and the energy balance are discussed. The results show coordinated opening and closing of the valves and corresponding pressure rise and fall in the ventricle. Comparison of the two EF cases reveals that EF = 40% improves the performance of the MV, achieving a significantly higher inflow velocity and a larger geometric orifice area (GOA) while maintaining the GOA of the AV. Both cases show a competent closure of the AV with negligible regurgitation. The opening of the diastolic MV initiates a bifurcated jet that transitions to a central high-speed stream, generating left ventricle (LV) vortices that mitigate the risk of stasis, a mechanism that is attenuated at EF = 24%. Energy analysis shows EF = 40% requires a greater input of LV work, coupled with an elevated power and kinetic energy flux at the aortic outlet, and dissipation within LH. These findings may help elucidate the EF-dependent hemodynamic coupling underlying pathological and compensatory cardiac functions and may provide a framework for future study of a pathological feedback loop linking valvular function, ventricular filling, and cardiac output.