<p>During the rotor drop process of a vertical magnetic suspension bearing system, severe friction is generated when the rotor collides with the “touchdown bearing”, which can easily cause the touchdown bearing to fail, potentially leading to catastrophic accidents. To address this issue, this paper uses magnetron sputtering technology to prepare two types of solid lubricant films for the key impact surfaces of touchdown bearings with different structural parameters. Simulations and experiments of rotor drop were conducted to obtain the time-varying response of key characterization parameters for the impact resistance performance of solid lubricant touchdown bearings under different structural parameters. The study compares and verifies the effectiveness of optimized touchdown bearings after structural optimization and anti-friction design, and proposes impact-resistant design strategies. The results show that the axial and radial collision forces of the touchdown bearing with cage are significantly reduced compared to the touchdown bearing without cage. As the contact friction coefficient decreases, the peak force values on the ceramic balls are significantly reduced, and both the radial collision force and the radial force on the ceramic balls substantially decrease. For the structure with a cage, an excessively high contact friction coefficient on the key surface will lead to cage fracture. A structure with 1–2 fewer rolling elements than a full complement structure exhibits better impact resistance performance. Compared with MoS₂, the CrN-GLC solid lubricant touchdown bearing has superior control over the centroid displacement trajectory, with better values in hardness, roughness, and roundness. The CrN-GLC solid lubricant touchdown bearing, with a cage and a moderate number of balls, provides a new solution for reducing friction and wear while improving the impact resistance performance of the touchdown bearing.</p>