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<p>A systematic understanding of the mechanism in the rectification and capacitance of nanochannels and their regulation with the electrolyte concentration and electrical bias is pivotal for its wide applications to nanofluidic electronics, ion separation, energy storage, and molecule sensing. Single unipolar and bipolar cylindrical nanochannels through polymer film were fabricated using single ion bombardment and track etching. Cyclic voltammetry results show that the bipolar nanochannel switches from rectification to capacitance as the electrolyte concentration decreases. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed that the capacitive impedance fraction in the bipolar nanochannel is regulated by electrolyte concentration and voltage. The switch from rectification to capacitance in the polymer nanochannel is well explained through a fluidic <i>p</i>-<i>n</i> junction model with a variable ion depletion layer regulated by the applied bias voltage, which is supported by the multi-physics simulation using Poisson-Nernst-Planck and Navier-Stokes solution. This work provides a mechanistic insight into the ionic current rectification and ionic capacitance in complex ionic nanochannels and paves the way for biomimetic nanofluidic electronics design.</p>

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Bipolar nanofluidic channel: from rectifier to capacitor

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月25日

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  • Baobei Li,
  • Guanghua Du,
  • Hu Zhang,
  • Jinlong Guo,
  • Wenjing Liu,
  • Can Zhao,
  • Ruqun Wu,
  • Wenchang Zhou,
  • Huijun Yao,
  • Hongjin Mou,
  • Cheng Shen,
  • Chenyu Li,
  • Muhammad Jahangeer,
  • Linyan Fu

摘要

A systematic understanding of the mechanism in the rectification and capacitance of nanochannels and their regulation with the electrolyte concentration and electrical bias is pivotal for its wide applications to nanofluidic electronics, ion separation, energy storage, and molecule sensing. Single unipolar and bipolar cylindrical nanochannels through polymer film were fabricated using single ion bombardment and track etching. Cyclic voltammetry results show that the bipolar nanochannel switches from rectification to capacitance as the electrolyte concentration decreases. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed that the capacitive impedance fraction in the bipolar nanochannel is regulated by electrolyte concentration and voltage. The switch from rectification to capacitance in the polymer nanochannel is well explained through a fluidic p-n junction model with a variable ion depletion layer regulated by the applied bias voltage, which is supported by the multi-physics simulation using Poisson-Nernst-Planck and Navier-Stokes solution. This work provides a mechanistic insight into the ionic current rectification and ionic capacitance in complex ionic nanochannels and paves the way for biomimetic nanofluidic electronics design.