<p>This paper explores the applicability of the generalized wave impedance hypothesis in split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) experiments, particularly under non-ideal conditions. The study investigates the effects of changes in wave impedance ratio and cross-sectional area ratio on the dynamic response of materials at high strain rates. Through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, the impact of different wave impedance and cross-sectional area ratios on stress wave propagation characteristics is discussed in detail. It is found that when the cross-sections of two bars differ, shear strain occurs at the abrupt cross-section, leading to waveform distortion in the transmitted and reflected waves. The force balance condition does not always align with the momentum conservation theorem, and only when the three waveforms and wavelengths are completely consistent do they align. The research shows that when the wave impedance ratio and cross-sectional area ratio are within a specific range, the generalized wave impedance hypothesis can accurately predict changes in Young’s modulus and density. Additionally, the study extends the exploration to key factors such as wave impedance ratio, wave speed, Young’s modulus, density, and area ratio.</p>