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<p>In this study, bovine serum albumin-stabilized gold nanoclusters (BSA@AuNCs) were synthesized using a microfluidic droplet system. Compared with traditional flask-based synthesis methods, the microfluidic droplet system yielded AuNCs with uniform nucleation, enhanced fluorescence properties, improved stability, and a significantly shortened preparation time (24&#xa0;min). Selectivity analysis demonstrated that BSA@AuNCs exhibit high specificity toward Cu(II), and a linear relationship was observed between the Cu(II) concentration (0–5000.0 µM) and the fluorescence intensity of BSA@AuNCs, with a detection limit of 20.0 µM. Upon the addition of Cu(II), the binding of Cu(II) to BSA@AuNCs led to increased particle size and aggregation, which was macroscopically manifested as fluorescence quenching. Finally, BSA@AuNCs were innovatively applied to the detection of Cu(II) levels in zebrafish embryos. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) imaging revealed a gradual decrease in fluorescence intensity within BSA@AuNC-incubated zebrafish embryos as the Cu(II) concentration increased. This method provides a viable strategy for detecting metal ions in living organisms and lays an experimental foundation for investigating the effects of Cu(II) and their related mechanisms <i>in vivo</i>.</p>

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Bovine serum albumin@AuNCs synthesized by microfluidic droplet system for Cu(II) detection in zebrafish embryos

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月19日

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  • Xiaotong Zhu,
  • Shufan Ge,
  • Deyu Wu,
  • Zhengkun Qiao,
  • Talanati Tuerdan,
  • Peng Sun,
  • Juan Qiao

摘要

In this study, bovine serum albumin-stabilized gold nanoclusters (BSA@AuNCs) were synthesized using a microfluidic droplet system. Compared with traditional flask-based synthesis methods, the microfluidic droplet system yielded AuNCs with uniform nucleation, enhanced fluorescence properties, improved stability, and a significantly shortened preparation time (24 min). Selectivity analysis demonstrated that BSA@AuNCs exhibit high specificity toward Cu(II), and a linear relationship was observed between the Cu(II) concentration (0–5000.0 µM) and the fluorescence intensity of BSA@AuNCs, with a detection limit of 20.0 µM. Upon the addition of Cu(II), the binding of Cu(II) to BSA@AuNCs led to increased particle size and aggregation, which was macroscopically manifested as fluorescence quenching. Finally, BSA@AuNCs were innovatively applied to the detection of Cu(II) levels in zebrafish embryos. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) imaging revealed a gradual decrease in fluorescence intensity within BSA@AuNC-incubated zebrafish embryos as the Cu(II) concentration increased. This method provides a viable strategy for detecting metal ions in living organisms and lays an experimental foundation for investigating the effects of Cu(II) and their related mechanisms in vivo.