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<p>With the increasing application of droplet microfluidics, more and more attention has been focused on the significance of precise droplet manipulation. However, the mechanism of the reverse electrowetting (REW)-driven droplet dynamic behavior is not well understood. In this work, the physical factors responsible for different movement behaviors of the droplet (~ 20 µL) under various alternating current (AC) frequencies are explored, and theoretical models are established to describe the droplet attachment/detachment. Meanwhile, simulations and experiments are carried out to validate the theoretical predictions. It shows that successful detachment of the droplet depends on the driving voltage, but more importantly on AC frequency. When the AC frequency is lower than 800&#xa0;Hz, the droplet always adheres to the substrate no matter how high the driving voltage is. As the AC frequency varies in the range of 850&#xa0;Hz ~ 950&#xa0;Hz, the droplet motion enters into the uncertain state. In this state, the droplet attaches or escapes mainly depending on whether the transient contact angle is larger than the critical contact angle, i.e., the critical contact angle of the droplet is the dominant factor determining the droplet detachment or attachment. When the AC frequency increases above 1&#xa0;kHz, the droplet detaches from the substrate once the driving voltage is sufficiently high.</p>

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The attachment and detachment mechanism of silicone oil droplet in reversed electrowetting system on coplanar ITO electrode substrate

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月9日

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  • Jian Zhang,
  • Yinchuan Feng,
  • Rui Zhao,
  • Songfeng Kou,
  • Xiaobo Ma,
  • Zhongcheng Liang

摘要

With the increasing application of droplet microfluidics, more and more attention has been focused on the significance of precise droplet manipulation. However, the mechanism of the reverse electrowetting (REW)-driven droplet dynamic behavior is not well understood. In this work, the physical factors responsible for different movement behaviors of the droplet (~ 20 µL) under various alternating current (AC) frequencies are explored, and theoretical models are established to describe the droplet attachment/detachment. Meanwhile, simulations and experiments are carried out to validate the theoretical predictions. It shows that successful detachment of the droplet depends on the driving voltage, but more importantly on AC frequency. When the AC frequency is lower than 800 Hz, the droplet always adheres to the substrate no matter how high the driving voltage is. As the AC frequency varies in the range of 850 Hz ~ 950 Hz, the droplet motion enters into the uncertain state. In this state, the droplet attaches or escapes mainly depending on whether the transient contact angle is larger than the critical contact angle, i.e., the critical contact angle of the droplet is the dominant factor determining the droplet detachment or attachment. When the AC frequency increases above 1 kHz, the droplet detaches from the substrate once the driving voltage is sufficiently high.