Prevalence of workplace loneliness. A systematic review and meta-analysis
摘要
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the prevalence of workplace loneliness (including by gender and age group).
Subject and methodsTwo established electronic databases (PubMed and CINAHL) were examined, along with an additional hand search. Observational studies identifying the prevalence of workplace loneliness were included. Important factors were extracted, and a meta-analysis was conducted. We preregistered our work on PROSPERO (CRD420251252649). Our work satisfied the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. To evaluate the study quality of the included studies, we used the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) standardized critical appraisal tool developed for prevalence studies.
ResultsInitially, 1566 records were identified. Overall, three studies met our eligibility criteria. Two studies were from Europe (Spain and Germany) and one from Asia (Japan). All three studies had a cross-sectional design. The estimated prevalence of workplace loneliness was 14.0% (95% CI 7.0% to 25.9%). Men and women had roughly comparable prevalence rates. Stratified by age group, younger individuals had higher prevalence rates. Prevalence rates were also calculated based on different thresholds. Study quality was high. Unfavorable working conditions and poor health were associated with higher odds of workplace loneliness.
ConclusionOur systematic review and meta-analysis showed high levels of workplace loneliness. Therefore, identifying and addressing loneliness in the workplace could prove to be important. Further research is needed in regions neglected so far. Standardized assessment of workplace loneliness using psychometrically valid instruments is also endorsed in future research.