Aim <p>Physical activity (PA) plays an important role in preserving physical function and supporting overall well-being in children and adolescents with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). As life expectancy in DMD increases, understanding the multi-layered factors influencing PA becomes essential for long-term health management. This review aimed to identify and categorize correlates of PA among children and adolescents with DMD within the socio-ecological model (SEM).</p> Subject and methods <p>Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, electronic databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed) were searched for studies examining factors associated with PA among individuals aged 0–19 years with DMD. Methodological quality was appraised using the Standard Quality Assessment Criteria for Evaluating Primary Research Papers.</p> Results <p>Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria, and the quality of all included studies was rated as strong. In total, 52 correlates of PA were identified. Most were at the intrapersonal level (<i>n</i> = 45), where muscle strength and functional performance were the most frequently associated factors. Interpersonal factors (<i>n</i> = 7), including family and peer support, were also relevant. No correlates were identified at the organizational, community, or policy levels.</p> Conclusion <p>PA in children and adolescents with DMD cannot be explained solely through a muscle-centred perspective but rather reflects a dynamic interaction between biological constraints and psychosocial factors. Future research should expand the existing knowledge base by investigating factors across multiple levels of the SEM framework to develop evidence-based interventions and public health strategies that enhance long-term health in children and adolescents with DMD.</p>