Objective <p>This study analyses the impact of sexual education on university students in Spain, with the objective of identifying distinct attitudinal profiles towards sexuality and exploring the influence of sociodemographic variables.</p> Methods <p>Between December 2020 and April 2021, a total of 1,028 students completed a questionnaire assessing their attitudes towards sexuality. The sample predominantly comprised undergraduate students (93%), women (67%), and heterosexual individuals (80%), with an average age of 21. Over half of the participants identified as Christian (51%) and had not yet left the family home (53%).</p> Results <p>A latent class analysis was conducted to identify attitudinal profiles, and chi-squared tests examined the influence of gender, sexual orientation, and religiosity. The instrument demonstrated good internal consistency (α = .813), though five items exhibited low discriminatory power. Factor analysis revealed four components accounting for 59.85% of the variance, supporting the scale’s structural validity.Three profiles emerged regarding general opinions on sexuality: unfavourable (17%), largely comprising women, heterosexuals and Christians; intermediate (68%); and favourable (15%), predominantly including men, non-heterosexuals and non-religious participants. Concerning sexual myths, four profiles were identified: indifferent (31%), those who accept myths (2%), intermediates (48%), and rejecters (20%), the latter composed mainly of non-heterosexual students. Gender, sexual orientation, and religious affiliation significantly influenced all identified profiles (<i>p</i> &lt; .05).</p> Conclusions <p>Findings highlight the need to address gender, sexual diversity, and religiosity in sexual education programmes. The prevalence of indifference and limited critical engagement suggests a pressing need for more inclusive, evidence-based approaches in university contexts.</p>