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Objective <p>Adequate intake of essential vitamins is fundamental for prevention of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). We evaluated longitudinal adequacy of dietary vitamin intakes among Iranian adults.</p> Study design <p>Repeated cross-sectional and longitudinal study.</p> Methods <p>Dietary intakes of adult participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (2006–2008 to 2018–2022) were assessed using a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire to assess adequacy intake of vitamins A, K, E, C, and B-complex vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12) against the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) guidelines. Trends of vitamin intakes of 4384 participants overtime were assessed using repeated measures generalized estimating equation (GEE) linear regression.</p> Results <p>Vitamin A intake was insufficient in over 70% of participants, with men (78.6%) and older adults being more affected. Vitamin E deficiency persisted throughout the study period, impacting 67.8% of participants in 2018–2022. Deficiencies in vitamins B1, B2, B6, B9, and B12 showed an increasing trend over time, especially in 2018–2022. Women exhibited higher rates of deficiency for several vitamins, including B1, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, and B12. Mean vitamin intakes mirrored these trends, with noticeable declines observed during 2018–2022, which coincided with the COVID-19 pandemic.</p> Conclusions <p>Our study indicated significant and persistent inadequacies in vitamin intake among Iranian adults, notably for vitamins A, E, and B-complex vitamins. The higher deficiency rates among women and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic underscore the urgent need for targeted nutritional interventions and public health strategies to address these deficiencies and improve overall health outcomes in the population.</p>

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Repeated cross-sectional and longitudinal study of dietary vitamin intake status in Iranian adults: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月2日

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  • Hadi Pourmirzaei Olyaei,
  • Zahra Bahadoran,
  • Parvin Mirmiran,
  • Fereidoun Azizi

摘要

Objective

Adequate intake of essential vitamins is fundamental for prevention of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). We evaluated longitudinal adequacy of dietary vitamin intakes among Iranian adults.

Study design

Repeated cross-sectional and longitudinal study.

Methods

Dietary intakes of adult participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (2006–2008 to 2018–2022) were assessed using a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire to assess adequacy intake of vitamins A, K, E, C, and B-complex vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12) against the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) guidelines. Trends of vitamin intakes of 4384 participants overtime were assessed using repeated measures generalized estimating equation (GEE) linear regression.

Results

Vitamin A intake was insufficient in over 70% of participants, with men (78.6%) and older adults being more affected. Vitamin E deficiency persisted throughout the study period, impacting 67.8% of participants in 2018–2022. Deficiencies in vitamins B1, B2, B6, B9, and B12 showed an increasing trend over time, especially in 2018–2022. Women exhibited higher rates of deficiency for several vitamins, including B1, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, and B12. Mean vitamin intakes mirrored these trends, with noticeable declines observed during 2018–2022, which coincided with the COVID-19 pandemic.

Conclusions

Our study indicated significant and persistent inadequacies in vitamin intake among Iranian adults, notably for vitamins A, E, and B-complex vitamins. The higher deficiency rates among women and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic underscore the urgent need for targeted nutritional interventions and public health strategies to address these deficiencies and improve overall health outcomes in the population.