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Purpose <p>We measured objective cyclodeviation in patients aged 10–90&#xa0;years and evaluated differences between age groups, sexes, and eye sides using the disc-fovea angle (DFA).</p> Study design <p>Retrospective observational study</p> Methods <p>Patients who underwent fundus photography at Kozawa Eye Hospital and Diabetes Center between January 2016 and August 2021 were included. The participants aged 10–90&#xa0;years were allocated into 10-year age groups. Each age group comprised 400 eyes from 200 participants (100 male and 100 female participants), resulting in a total of 3,600 eyes from 1,800 participants. DFA, defined as the angle between a horizontal line passing through the macula and the line joining the central fossa and papillary center, was analyzed using the Angle Tool in ImageJ software. When the horizontal line passing through the macula was higher than the line joining the central fossa and papillary center, the eye was classified as having excyclotorsion, indicated by a positive sign.</p> Results <p>DFA increased with age, from 6.37&#xa0;±&#xa0;3.56° in participants in their 10s to 8.46&#xa0;±&#xa0;3.96° in those in their 90s (<i>p</i>&#xa0;&lt;&#xa0;0.0001). DFA was significantly different between sexes (male vs. female: 7.25&#xa0;±&#xa0;3.60° vs. 7.65&#xa0;±&#xa0;3.71°; <i>p</i>&#xa0;&lt;&#xa0;0.0001). Additionally, a significant difference was observed between eye sides (right vs. left eye: 7.13&#xa0;±&#xa0;3.69° vs. 7.77&#xa0;±&#xa0;3.60°; <i>p</i>&#xa0;&lt;&#xa0;0.0001).</p> Conclusion <p>DFA increases with age, exhibits higher values in female individuals, and shows greater measurements in the left eye.</p>

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Evaluation of objective ocular cyclodeviation according to age, sex, and eye side

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月16日

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  • Shinya Takahashi,
  • Toshiaki Goseki,
  • Shingo Noda,
  • Toru Kawanobe,
  • Yasuhito Ikeda,
  • Eri Ishikawa,
  • Yuichiro Tanaka,
  • Tadahiko Kozawa

摘要

Purpose

We measured objective cyclodeviation in patients aged 10–90 years and evaluated differences between age groups, sexes, and eye sides using the disc-fovea angle (DFA).

Study design

Retrospective observational study

Methods

Patients who underwent fundus photography at Kozawa Eye Hospital and Diabetes Center between January 2016 and August 2021 were included. The participants aged 10–90 years were allocated into 10-year age groups. Each age group comprised 400 eyes from 200 participants (100 male and 100 female participants), resulting in a total of 3,600 eyes from 1,800 participants. DFA, defined as the angle between a horizontal line passing through the macula and the line joining the central fossa and papillary center, was analyzed using the Angle Tool in ImageJ software. When the horizontal line passing through the macula was higher than the line joining the central fossa and papillary center, the eye was classified as having excyclotorsion, indicated by a positive sign.

Results

DFA increased with age, from 6.37 ± 3.56° in participants in their 10s to 8.46 ± 3.96° in those in their 90s (p < 0.0001). DFA was significantly different between sexes (male vs. female: 7.25 ± 3.60° vs. 7.65 ± 3.71°; p < 0.0001). Additionally, a significant difference was observed between eye sides (right vs. left eye: 7.13 ± 3.69° vs. 7.77 ± 3.60°; p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

DFA increases with age, exhibits higher values in female individuals, and shows greater measurements in the left eye.