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<p>It is a consensus that deformation modes of rainfall-induced granite slopes evolve with long-term weathering progression. However, the long-term control of weathering-driven structural evolution on slope deformation remains unclear. In addition, the lack of multi-group comparative experiments and the absence of a long-term weathering perspective hinder identification of dynamic instability pathways, limiting slope stability prediction and hazard mitigation. Accordingly, five physical slope model tests were conducted by progressively increasing the thickness of the completely weathered (CW) layer from 0.13&#xa0;to 0.70&#xa0;m. Results show that weathering progression modifies deformation evolution by controlling slope structure, hydrological response, and their coupling. Increasing CW thickness drives forward migration of the instability zone. Decreasing the contact area between the CW and highly weathered (HW) layers shifts failure from overall CW sliding to shallow, localized deformation, with reduced sliding velocity and runout distance. Slope instability involves two stages. In early weathering, perched water induces a rapid increase in pore water pressure (PWP), weakening effective stress and shear strength and triggering instability. In late weathering, the perched water effect vanishes, hydrological response becomes dominated by negative PWP, and dissipation of matric suction controls shear-strength reduction, leading to slope deformation.</p>

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Long-term evolution of rainfall-induced deformation modes of granite slopes controlled by weathering progression

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月6日

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  • Xinyi Li,
  • Qingjun Zuo,
  • Lehua Wang,
  • Xiaoliang Xu,
  • Han Zhang,
  • C. F. Lee,
  • Biao Wang,
  • Yanbing Tian

摘要

It is a consensus that deformation modes of rainfall-induced granite slopes evolve with long-term weathering progression. However, the long-term control of weathering-driven structural evolution on slope deformation remains unclear. In addition, the lack of multi-group comparative experiments and the absence of a long-term weathering perspective hinder identification of dynamic instability pathways, limiting slope stability prediction and hazard mitigation. Accordingly, five physical slope model tests were conducted by progressively increasing the thickness of the completely weathered (CW) layer from 0.13 to 0.70 m. Results show that weathering progression modifies deformation evolution by controlling slope structure, hydrological response, and their coupling. Increasing CW thickness drives forward migration of the instability zone. Decreasing the contact area between the CW and highly weathered (HW) layers shifts failure from overall CW sliding to shallow, localized deformation, with reduced sliding velocity and runout distance. Slope instability involves two stages. In early weathering, perched water induces a rapid increase in pore water pressure (PWP), weakening effective stress and shear strength and triggering instability. In late weathering, the perched water effect vanishes, hydrological response becomes dominated by negative PWP, and dissipation of matric suction controls shear-strength reduction, leading to slope deformation.