<p>Ancient landslides, defined as mass movements that occurred during geological history but are currently in a relatively stable state, are increasingly at risk of reactivation under the influence of global climate change. The Qinling-Daba (Qinba) Mountains, located at the tectonic junction between North China and Yangtze plates, represent a critical geohazard-prone region lacking systematic ancient landslide identification and reactivation assessment. This study comprehensively analyzes ancient landslide reactivation potential in the Qinba region through integrated methodology. High-resolution remote sensing imagery, digital elevation models, SBAS-InSAR deformation data, and extensive field investigations enabled construction of a complete inventory containing 5598 ancient landslides and 7514 recent landslides. Quantitative analysis using three-parameter inverse gamma distribution revealed distinct characteristics between landslide populations. Ancient landslides exhibit a power-law decay exponent of <i>β</i> = 1.668 ± 0.026, significantly lower than recent landslides (<i>β</i> = 2.2 ± 0.1). Spatial analysis demonstrated distinct distribution patterns governed by geological, geomorphological, hydrological, and anthropogenic factors. A four-tier reactivation potential classification system was developed based on SBAS-InSAR ground deformation rates, trends, and Activity Index values. Regional assessment revealed approximately 67.8% of ancient landslides exhibit high to very high reactivation potential. Case study validation confirmed the evaluation method’s accuracy and reliability. These findings provide essential data and methodological support for landslide risk mitigation in the Qinling-Daba region and offer critical insights for geohazard management under intensifying climate change impacts.</p>