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<p>Runout analyses are a key component of landslide risk assessment and mitigation. Natural disasters provide the opportunity to observe and document the runout of landslides, and these observations can be used to calibrate simple empirical or mechanistic runout models by providing valuable site or region-specific insights. A simple mechanical model that is based on the Voellmy friction law as incorporated in Rapid Mass Movement Simulation Debris Flow (RAMMS-DF), is regressed against hundreds of mapped rock avalanches that were triggered by the M<sub>w</sub> 6.5 Lefkada earthquake on November 17, 2015, with the intent to statistically calibrate the two model parameters against numerous observations of landslide runout. It is found that the dry-Coulomb friction (<i>μ</i>) governs the performance of the simulation, whereas the results are less sensitive to viscous-turbulent friction (<i>ξ</i>), especially for large values of <i>ξ</i>. The mode and standard deviation of the dry-Coulomb friction (<i>μ</i>) are found to be 0.9 and 0.28, and the mode and standard deviation of the viscous-turbulent friction (<i>ξ</i>) are 3000&#xa0;m/s<sup>2</sup> and 3314&#xa0;m/s<sup>2</sup>. The accuracy of the RAMMS-DF simulation positively correlates with landslide source area, height, and 3D travel distance. The model does not match smaller landslides well (with source areas &lt; 4,000 m<sup>2</sup>), and in these cases, it systematically overestimates runout compared to field observations.</p>

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Derivation of voellmy model parameters for landslide runout based on co-seismic rock avalanche inventory

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月10日

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  • Jhih-Rou Huang,
  • Dimitrios Zekkos

摘要

Runout analyses are a key component of landslide risk assessment and mitigation. Natural disasters provide the opportunity to observe and document the runout of landslides, and these observations can be used to calibrate simple empirical or mechanistic runout models by providing valuable site or region-specific insights. A simple mechanical model that is based on the Voellmy friction law as incorporated in Rapid Mass Movement Simulation Debris Flow (RAMMS-DF), is regressed against hundreds of mapped rock avalanches that were triggered by the Mw 6.5 Lefkada earthquake on November 17, 2015, with the intent to statistically calibrate the two model parameters against numerous observations of landslide runout. It is found that the dry-Coulomb friction (μ) governs the performance of the simulation, whereas the results are less sensitive to viscous-turbulent friction (ξ), especially for large values of ξ. The mode and standard deviation of the dry-Coulomb friction (μ) are found to be 0.9 and 0.28, and the mode and standard deviation of the viscous-turbulent friction (ξ) are 3000 m/s2 and 3314 m/s2. The accuracy of the RAMMS-DF simulation positively correlates with landslide source area, height, and 3D travel distance. The model does not match smaller landslides well (with source areas < 4,000 m2), and in these cases, it systematically overestimates runout compared to field observations.