<p>The modes of failure of antidip rocky slopes are very unique among those of all slopes, and the main failure mode is toppling. The main cause of the failure process is the collapse of the rock mass caused by the expansion of cracks in the structural plane, which is very complicated. These slopes are abundant in Southwest China, where earthquakes occur frequently. Therefore, the evolutionary process of the toppling failure of antidip rocky slopes is examined by shaking table model tests in this study. The test results show that the whole failure process of an antidip rocky slope can be roughly divided into four stages: (1) microcrack generation; (2) the cracks at the top and bottom of the slope expand and form a situation in which the slope tends to collapse; (3) the penetration of slope foot cracks; and (4) collapse and destruction. On the basis of the pictures of site failure and video data of the slope model, the influence of earthquakes on the failure process of antidip rocky slopes is evaluated via the technique of PIV particle displacement analysis. In addition, several monitoring points are set up in the slope to discuss the development of internal acceleration of antidip rocky slopes under earthquake action. On the basis of the above experimental results and data analysis, the mechanism of damage of anticlastic slopes under seismic action was revealed, and vulnerable areas of anticlastic slopes were identified. These findings can provide a theoretical basis for the design of reinforcement (incorporating antislip piles) of similar slopes in earthquake-prone areas.</p>