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<p>The impact of disaster effects of flowslides, and destruction processes of structures play critical roles in the vulnerability assessment of potentially affected buildings. This study integrates field investigation, RAMMS, and MPM-CDEM coupled numerical simulation to investigate the run-out processes and impact effects of the Huzhu landslide, with particular focus on RC building vulnerability under dynamic impact. The Huzhu landslide exhibits a typical retrogressive-progressive failure mode, with the secondary loess flowslides demonstrating a significant disaster amplification effect through fluidization. Simulation results indicate that the entire movement process of 1# loess flowslide lasted for approximately 265&#xa0;s, and the maximum velocity and accumulative thickness are 26&#xa0;m/s and 18&#xa0;m, respectively. Structural analysis identifies column bending failure as the primary failure mechanism, where progressive column collapse transforms structural systems into unstable cantilever configurations, ultimately leading to beam tensile cracking and global failure. In addition, three distinct collapse modes of RC buildings are observed in this disaster event: partial destruction, global progressive collapse, and global overturning collapse. These findings emphasize the necessity of incorporating building height, location, and length–width ratio (L/W) into vulnerability assessments, beyond structural typology alone. This research enhances the understanding of loess flowslide-building interactions and contributes to improving the accuracy of vulnerability assessment of RC buildings in loess areas.</p>

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Progressive destruction processes and physical vulnerability of damaged buildings to the Huzhu loess flowslide in Qinghai Province, China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月7日

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  • Haojie Wang,
  • Ping Sun,
  • Jiarui Mao,
  • Kun Li,
  • Jian Ren

摘要

The impact of disaster effects of flowslides, and destruction processes of structures play critical roles in the vulnerability assessment of potentially affected buildings. This study integrates field investigation, RAMMS, and MPM-CDEM coupled numerical simulation to investigate the run-out processes and impact effects of the Huzhu landslide, with particular focus on RC building vulnerability under dynamic impact. The Huzhu landslide exhibits a typical retrogressive-progressive failure mode, with the secondary loess flowslides demonstrating a significant disaster amplification effect through fluidization. Simulation results indicate that the entire movement process of 1# loess flowslide lasted for approximately 265 s, and the maximum velocity and accumulative thickness are 26 m/s and 18 m, respectively. Structural analysis identifies column bending failure as the primary failure mechanism, where progressive column collapse transforms structural systems into unstable cantilever configurations, ultimately leading to beam tensile cracking and global failure. In addition, three distinct collapse modes of RC buildings are observed in this disaster event: partial destruction, global progressive collapse, and global overturning collapse. These findings emphasize the necessity of incorporating building height, location, and length–width ratio (L/W) into vulnerability assessments, beyond structural typology alone. This research enhances the understanding of loess flowslide-building interactions and contributes to improving the accuracy of vulnerability assessment of RC buildings in loess areas.