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<p>Bird-glass collisions are a major source of bird mortality worldwide. Local studies reveal the extent of mortality, however scavenger activity introduces biases into its estimation as scavengers remove bird carcasses before they can be detected during surveys. Using camera traps we examined scavenger activity and carcass removal rates in an urban area in Białystok, Poland, characterized by high bird-glass collision rates. Carcass removal times ranged from 1.2 to 209.1&#xa0;h, averaging 45.7 ± 45.4&#xa0;h. About 50%, 66.7%, and 76.7% of removals occurred within 24, 48, and 72&#xa0;h respectively, indicating that an additional 1.0, 2.0, and 3.3 birds were likely to have been missed due to scavenger activity. Six species removed carcasses, with the stone marten (<i>Martes foina)</i> being the most common scavenger (43.3%), followed by the common buzzard (<i>Buteo buteo</i>; 23.3%), Eurasian magpie (<i>Pica pica</i>; 10.0%), domestic cat (<i>Felis catus</i>; 8.3%), northern white-breasted hedgehog (<i>Erinaceus roumanicus</i>; 5.0%), and red fox (<i>Vulpes vulpes</i>; 3.3%). Scavenger activity patterns varied, with birds active mostly during dawn and dusk, and mammals at night. Scavenger activity patterns and sites were the key predictors of carcass removal risk. Simultaneous bird-glass collision monitoring and carcass removal trials are recommended in order to determine local bird mortality and avoid its underestimation.</p>

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They come from dusk till dawn: scavenger activity and carcass removal in an urban environment with high bird-glass collision rates

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月4日

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  • Krzysztof Deoniziak,
  • Anna Winiewicz,
  • Marta Nartowicz,
  • Weronika Mierzejewska,
  • Ewa Zyśk-Gorczyńska

摘要

Bird-glass collisions are a major source of bird mortality worldwide. Local studies reveal the extent of mortality, however scavenger activity introduces biases into its estimation as scavengers remove bird carcasses before they can be detected during surveys. Using camera traps we examined scavenger activity and carcass removal rates in an urban area in Białystok, Poland, characterized by high bird-glass collision rates. Carcass removal times ranged from 1.2 to 209.1 h, averaging 45.7 ± 45.4 h. About 50%, 66.7%, and 76.7% of removals occurred within 24, 48, and 72 h respectively, indicating that an additional 1.0, 2.0, and 3.3 birds were likely to have been missed due to scavenger activity. Six species removed carcasses, with the stone marten (Martes foina) being the most common scavenger (43.3%), followed by the common buzzard (Buteo buteo; 23.3%), Eurasian magpie (Pica pica; 10.0%), domestic cat (Felis catus; 8.3%), northern white-breasted hedgehog (Erinaceus roumanicus; 5.0%), and red fox (Vulpes vulpes; 3.3%). Scavenger activity patterns varied, with birds active mostly during dawn and dusk, and mammals at night. Scavenger activity patterns and sites were the key predictors of carcass removal risk. Simultaneous bird-glass collision monitoring and carcass removal trials are recommended in order to determine local bird mortality and avoid its underestimation.