<p>We studied the characteristics of the spring migration of Eurasian Woodcock and the influence of weather on migration based on samples (<i>n</i> = 24,124 bagged individuals) collected between 2010 and 2019 in the framework of the Woodcock Bag Monitoring in Hungary. Results reflect strong nonlinearity between the migration dynamics in March and the precipitation and the minimum temperature in each year of study. The above weather factors were strong significant predictors of the number of individuals, because differences in migration patterns are essentially due to weather factors. In years with average weather conditions, the peak of migration was between 16 and 24 March, while in years with advanced migration timing, the migration of the species started up to two weeks earlier due to favourable weather conditions in the wintering areas in early spring. Migration paths are subject to short periods of stormy, wintery weather, which are unfavourable for migration, resulting in flattening migration periods with no definite peak. The spring migration dynamics in the years with weather anomalies were the most distinct from the years with normal migration phenology. The winter weather in March in these years caused birds to stop migrating and only resume their migration towards nesting areas when atmospheric conditions returned to normal. Based on the data from the ten years we had studied, it is already evident that the spring migration phenology of this species changed. The spring migration shifted forward by about 6–10 days, but the considerable influence (delaying) effect of extreme spring weather on the migration route is clearly present, partially masking the effect of trend-like changes in weather characteristics on the phenology.</p>

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Study of the relation between spring migration of Eurasian woodcock (Scolopax rusticola L.) and weather in Hungary using time series analysis

  • Attila Bende,
  • László Bozó,
  • Viktória Csanády,
  • Richárd László,
  • Sándor Faragó,
  • Tibor Pecsics,
  • István Fekete

摘要

We studied the characteristics of the spring migration of Eurasian Woodcock and the influence of weather on migration based on samples (n = 24,124 bagged individuals) collected between 2010 and 2019 in the framework of the Woodcock Bag Monitoring in Hungary. Results reflect strong nonlinearity between the migration dynamics in March and the precipitation and the minimum temperature in each year of study. The above weather factors were strong significant predictors of the number of individuals, because differences in migration patterns are essentially due to weather factors. In years with average weather conditions, the peak of migration was between 16 and 24 March, while in years with advanced migration timing, the migration of the species started up to two weeks earlier due to favourable weather conditions in the wintering areas in early spring. Migration paths are subject to short periods of stormy, wintery weather, which are unfavourable for migration, resulting in flattening migration periods with no definite peak. The spring migration dynamics in the years with weather anomalies were the most distinct from the years with normal migration phenology. The winter weather in March in these years caused birds to stop migrating and only resume their migration towards nesting areas when atmospheric conditions returned to normal. Based on the data from the ten years we had studied, it is already evident that the spring migration phenology of this species changed. The spring migration shifted forward by about 6–10 days, but the considerable influence (delaying) effect of extreme spring weather on the migration route is clearly present, partially masking the effect of trend-like changes in weather characteristics on the phenology.