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<p>Wild birds, as natural reservoirs of avian influenza viruses (AIVs), play a pivotal role in facilitating interregional virus dissemination during migration. To investigate the genetic diversity and transmission patterns of AIVs in the critical stopover ecosystems of the Tianshan Mountains’ northern piedmont—specifically along the East African-West Asian and Central Asian Flyways—we analyzed fecal samples from migratory birds at Moguhu Reservoir in 2018. Among 164 samples, 6 (3.66%) tested AIV-positive, harboring 5 HA (H2, H3, H4, H5, H9) and 5 NA (N1, N2, N3, N6, N8) subtypes, with all samples containing multiple AIV subtypes. Phylogenetic reconstruction revealed distinct viral origins: H2/N3/N8 segments clustered with Mongolian isolates; H3 grouped with a 2018 H3N8 virus from green sandpipers in Kurgan, Russia; and N6 aligned with 2019 Bangladeshi H4N6 viruses in mallards. These results identified three interregional potential routes: H2/N3/N8 dissemination via Anatidae from Mongolia along the East African-West Asian Flyway; H3 transmission via green sandpipers from Kurgan along the Central Asian Flyway; and N6 spread via Anatidae from Moguhu Reservoir to Bangladesh along the Central Asian Flyway. The genetic mosaicism documented at Moguhu Reservoir positions it as a key viral potential reassortment zone, posing dual risks to local ecosystems and global public health. These findings underscore the critical need for intensified AIV surveillance in migratory bird habitats to assess ecological impacts and inform pandemic preparedness.</p>

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Migratory birds as a vector for viral interregional transmission: genetic diversity of avian influenza virus in bird feces from the Tianshan wetland ecosystems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月21日

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  • Fengze Yun,
  • Haiyang Wang,
  • Kamila Aisaiti,
  • Tong Wu,
  • Cheng Zhang,
  • Fengnian Chen,
  • Yuhai Bi,
  • Zhenghai Ma

摘要

Wild birds, as natural reservoirs of avian influenza viruses (AIVs), play a pivotal role in facilitating interregional virus dissemination during migration. To investigate the genetic diversity and transmission patterns of AIVs in the critical stopover ecosystems of the Tianshan Mountains’ northern piedmont—specifically along the East African-West Asian and Central Asian Flyways—we analyzed fecal samples from migratory birds at Moguhu Reservoir in 2018. Among 164 samples, 6 (3.66%) tested AIV-positive, harboring 5 HA (H2, H3, H4, H5, H9) and 5 NA (N1, N2, N3, N6, N8) subtypes, with all samples containing multiple AIV subtypes. Phylogenetic reconstruction revealed distinct viral origins: H2/N3/N8 segments clustered with Mongolian isolates; H3 grouped with a 2018 H3N8 virus from green sandpipers in Kurgan, Russia; and N6 aligned with 2019 Bangladeshi H4N6 viruses in mallards. These results identified three interregional potential routes: H2/N3/N8 dissemination via Anatidae from Mongolia along the East African-West Asian Flyway; H3 transmission via green sandpipers from Kurgan along the Central Asian Flyway; and N6 spread via Anatidae from Moguhu Reservoir to Bangladesh along the Central Asian Flyway. The genetic mosaicism documented at Moguhu Reservoir positions it as a key viral potential reassortment zone, posing dual risks to local ecosystems and global public health. These findings underscore the critical need for intensified AIV surveillance in migratory bird habitats to assess ecological impacts and inform pandemic preparedness.