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<p>Wildlife passages aim to improve connectivity between habitats fragmented by heavily trafficked roads. However, their effectiveness must be monitored. Kolu ecoduct, Estonia’s first wildlife overpass, was built in 2013 during the reconstruction of the Aruvalla-Kose section of the T2 (E263) road. To evaluate its usage, we analyzed camera trap data from two periods: initial monitoring (March 12, 2015 – October 31, 2016), which recorded 1,585 crossings, and follow-up monitoring (November 6, 2020 – October 25, 2022), which recorded 1,308 crossings. Over this period, the distribution of mammal species using the overpass changed significantly. The proportion of domestic animal crossings declined from 36 to 9.4%, while large game crossings increased from 19 to 58% despite sharp decline of wild boar crossings caused by ASF and hunting pressure. Small game crossings slightly decreased from 37 to 31%. Unidentified crossings dropped from 3.6 to 0.5%. Human presence was rare, decreasing from 4.2% in the initial period to just 0.2% in the follow-up monitoring.</p>

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Changes in mammal crossings in less than 10 years after the construction of Estonia’s first wildlife overpass

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月16日

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  • Maris Kruuse,
  • Ants Tull,
  • Harri Valdmann

摘要

Wildlife passages aim to improve connectivity between habitats fragmented by heavily trafficked roads. However, their effectiveness must be monitored. Kolu ecoduct, Estonia’s first wildlife overpass, was built in 2013 during the reconstruction of the Aruvalla-Kose section of the T2 (E263) road. To evaluate its usage, we analyzed camera trap data from two periods: initial monitoring (March 12, 2015 – October 31, 2016), which recorded 1,585 crossings, and follow-up monitoring (November 6, 2020 – October 25, 2022), which recorded 1,308 crossings. Over this period, the distribution of mammal species using the overpass changed significantly. The proportion of domestic animal crossings declined from 36 to 9.4%, while large game crossings increased from 19 to 58% despite sharp decline of wild boar crossings caused by ASF and hunting pressure. Small game crossings slightly decreased from 37 to 31%. Unidentified crossings dropped from 3.6 to 0.5%. Human presence was rare, decreasing from 4.2% in the initial period to just 0.2% in the follow-up monitoring.