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<p>Ungulate dietary patterns frequently signal ecosystem impacts. Wild boar (<i>Sus scrofa</i>) diet has rarely been investigated in the context of long-term management programs using bait, as in El Palmar National Park, which protects one of the few remnants of the threatened <i>Butia yatay</i> palm-tree savanna in northeastern Argentina. We examined whether the frequency of occurrence and volume of bait (maize or soybean), yatay palm fruit and selected dietary items were influenced by season (summer versus winter), park preservation zone (restricted versus public use), wild boar stage, sex and body mass using permutational multivariate analysis of variance and non-metric multidimensional scaling. Stomach contents from 86 specimens culled at identified locations were macroscopically classified into 13 items. Wild boar dietary composition varied significantly between seasons and was spatially structured. Bait (mostly maize) predominated by occurrence (95%) and volume (56%), followed by palm fruit (50% and 21%, respectively), and grass or leaves (90% and 9%). Consumption of palm fruit was strongly negatively correlated with bait consumption by volume across park zones in summer. Indicator species and similitude percentage analysis identified palm fruit and vertebrates (e.g. eared doves, axis deer) as characteristic of the public-use zone. Food items linked to ground rooting occurred significantly more often in the restricted-use zone. Palm leaves and broken seeds were rarely consumed. Hunter questionnaires revealed spatially heterogeneous baiting rates and bait types, sometimes deployed in massive amounts. Bait consumption increased substantially over a decade jointly with growing hunting effort, baiting sites and occasions. Baiting was an essential component of a structured control program with damage mitigation goals, and a key determinant of dietary patterns and conservation outcomes with potential effects on target and nontarget species depending on implementation details.</p>

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Dietary composition of exotic wild boar (Sus scrofa) under sustained management efforts in a palm-tree savanna of northeastern Argentina

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月11日

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  • Ricardo E. Gürtler,
  • Andrés de Miguel,
  • Gabriela Nicosia,
  • Romina de Diego,
  • Sebastián Szpilbarg,
  • Augusto Fumagalli

摘要

Ungulate dietary patterns frequently signal ecosystem impacts. Wild boar (Sus scrofa) diet has rarely been investigated in the context of long-term management programs using bait, as in El Palmar National Park, which protects one of the few remnants of the threatened Butia yatay palm-tree savanna in northeastern Argentina. We examined whether the frequency of occurrence and volume of bait (maize or soybean), yatay palm fruit and selected dietary items were influenced by season (summer versus winter), park preservation zone (restricted versus public use), wild boar stage, sex and body mass using permutational multivariate analysis of variance and non-metric multidimensional scaling. Stomach contents from 86 specimens culled at identified locations were macroscopically classified into 13 items. Wild boar dietary composition varied significantly between seasons and was spatially structured. Bait (mostly maize) predominated by occurrence (95%) and volume (56%), followed by palm fruit (50% and 21%, respectively), and grass or leaves (90% and 9%). Consumption of palm fruit was strongly negatively correlated with bait consumption by volume across park zones in summer. Indicator species and similitude percentage analysis identified palm fruit and vertebrates (e.g. eared doves, axis deer) as characteristic of the public-use zone. Food items linked to ground rooting occurred significantly more often in the restricted-use zone. Palm leaves and broken seeds were rarely consumed. Hunter questionnaires revealed spatially heterogeneous baiting rates and bait types, sometimes deployed in massive amounts. Bait consumption increased substantially over a decade jointly with growing hunting effort, baiting sites and occasions. Baiting was an essential component of a structured control program with damage mitigation goals, and a key determinant of dietary patterns and conservation outcomes with potential effects on target and nontarget species depending on implementation details.