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<p>Sustainable pest management and improved crop productivity are urgent priorities in greenhouse vegetable cultivation. Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) supplementation holds potential for controlling key pests like whiteflies and spider mites while boosting yield attributes. Keeping this in view, research trials were carried out over three growing seasons (2021–22 to 2023–24) at Punjab Agricultural University (PAU), Ludhiana to investigate the performance of capsicum and cucumber crops cultivated in soilless media in relation to CO<sub>2</sub> supplementation for protection against spider mites and whiteflies inside a&#xa0;greenhouse. The experiment was laid out in a&#xa0;Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications for growing both capsicum and cucumbers in soilless media under three levels of fertigation (70%, 85% and 100%). This study presents an in-depth analysis of the impact of CO<sub>2</sub> levels on the mortality of two significant plant pests, the <i>Bemisia tabaci</i> (whitefly) and the <i>Tetranychus urticae</i>&#xa0;(Two-Spotted Spider Mite, TSSM), as well as their effects on the yield attributes of capsicum and cucumber crops. For whiteflies, a&#xa0;CO<sub>2</sub> concentration of 1000 ppm resulted in complete mortality within 24 h, offering a&#xa0;promising management strategy. Similarly, a&#xa0;concentration of 1200 ppm led to the complete mortality of TSSM within 24 h. The study revealed significant yield variability across crops and conditions. Controlling microclimatic factors alongside CO<sub>2</sub> supplementation enhanced plant growth and yield, reducing input requirements. CO<sub>2</sub> chambers notably improved yield attributes in capsicum and cucumber plants, including plant height, number of&#xa0;fruits per plant, fruit diameter, fruit&#xa0;weight, and overall yield per plant, resulting in yield increases of approximately 20.0% in capsicum and 12.8% in cucumber under CO<sub>2</sub> chamber conditions compared to outside the chamber, underscoring their potential in optimizing crop productivity. The study emphasizes the potential of CO<sub>2</sub> chambers or controlled environments to enhance crop productivity, notably for capsicum and cucumber cultivation, evidenced by significant yield improvements within the CO<sub>2</sub> chamber.</p>

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Impact of CO2 Enrichment on Growth and Pest Suppression in Capsicum and Cucumber Grown in Soilless Media Under Greenhouse Conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月16日

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  • Rakesh Sharda,
  • Mahesh Chand Singh,
  • Kamaljeet Singh Suri,
  • Rubaljot Kooner,
  • Angrej Singh

摘要

Sustainable pest management and improved crop productivity are urgent priorities in greenhouse vegetable cultivation. Carbon dioxide (CO2) supplementation holds potential for controlling key pests like whiteflies and spider mites while boosting yield attributes. Keeping this in view, research trials were carried out over three growing seasons (2021–22 to 2023–24) at Punjab Agricultural University (PAU), Ludhiana to investigate the performance of capsicum and cucumber crops cultivated in soilless media in relation to CO2 supplementation for protection against spider mites and whiteflies inside a greenhouse. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications for growing both capsicum and cucumbers in soilless media under three levels of fertigation (70%, 85% and 100%). This study presents an in-depth analysis of the impact of CO2 levels on the mortality of two significant plant pests, the Bemisia tabaci (whitefly) and the Tetranychus urticae (Two-Spotted Spider Mite, TSSM), as well as their effects on the yield attributes of capsicum and cucumber crops. For whiteflies, a CO2 concentration of 1000 ppm resulted in complete mortality within 24 h, offering a promising management strategy. Similarly, a concentration of 1200 ppm led to the complete mortality of TSSM within 24 h. The study revealed significant yield variability across crops and conditions. Controlling microclimatic factors alongside CO2 supplementation enhanced plant growth and yield, reducing input requirements. CO2 chambers notably improved yield attributes in capsicum and cucumber plants, including plant height, number of fruits per plant, fruit diameter, fruit weight, and overall yield per plant, resulting in yield increases of approximately 20.0% in capsicum and 12.8% in cucumber under CO2 chamber conditions compared to outside the chamber, underscoring their potential in optimizing crop productivity. The study emphasizes the potential of CO2 chambers or controlled environments to enhance crop productivity, notably for capsicum and cucumber cultivation, evidenced by significant yield improvements within the CO2 chamber.