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<p>French bean (<i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i>&#xa0;L.) productivity is often constrained by seed-borne fungal pathogens such as <i>Aspergillus niger</i>, which adversely affect germination and early seedling development. The present study evaluated the efficacy of selected synthetic fungicides and biofungicides in suppressing <i>A.&#xa0;niger</i> and improving seedling performance. Synthetic fungicides, particularly Saaf, Bavistin, and Sixer, exhibited complete inhibition of fungal growth (100% inhibition; AUIC = 600), whereas Antracol showed partial suppression. Among biofungicides, <i>Trichoderma</i> and Magic Fungix demonstrated strong inhibition (86.58% and 76.30%, respectively), while <i>Pseudomonas fluorescens</i> (Peak Mona) and <i>Bacillus</i>-based formulations showed moderate effects (~59%). Seed germination was significantly improved under all treatments compared to the control (14%), with the highest values recorded for Saaf (68%), Bavistin (64%), and Antracol (63%). Biofungicides also enhanced germination, with Peak Mona (56%) and <i>Trichoderma</i> (52%) showing notable performance. In terms of seedling growth, synthetic fungicides produced the greatest root and shoot lengths, while biofungicides showed moderate but consistent improvements across parameters. The integration of antifungal efficacy and seedling growth parameters using multivariate approaches (CPI, PCA, and clustering) provides a&#xa0;comprehensive evaluation of treatment performance beyond conventional single-parameter analysis. Multivariate analyses confirmed the superior overall performance of synthetic fungicides, whereas biofungicides formed an intermediate group with stable effects. The findings highlight that both seed treatment approaches significantly enhance seed health and early establishment of <i>P.&#xa0;vulgaris</i>. While synthetic fungicides demonstrated superior efficacy across most parameters, biofungicides produced consistent and comparable effects, supporting their use as environmentally sustainable alternatives in integrated disease management strategies.</p>

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Comparative Efficacy of Biofungicides and Synthetic Fungicides as Seed Treatments for Improving Seed Health and Early Seedling Establishment of French Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月21日

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  • Barasa Sarma,
  • Simi Talukdar,
  • Jayanti Datta Roy,
  • Raj Kumar Pegu

摘要

French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) productivity is often constrained by seed-borne fungal pathogens such as Aspergillus niger, which adversely affect germination and early seedling development. The present study evaluated the efficacy of selected synthetic fungicides and biofungicides in suppressing A. niger and improving seedling performance. Synthetic fungicides, particularly Saaf, Bavistin, and Sixer, exhibited complete inhibition of fungal growth (100% inhibition; AUIC = 600), whereas Antracol showed partial suppression. Among biofungicides, Trichoderma and Magic Fungix demonstrated strong inhibition (86.58% and 76.30%, respectively), while Pseudomonas fluorescens (Peak Mona) and Bacillus-based formulations showed moderate effects (~59%). Seed germination was significantly improved under all treatments compared to the control (14%), with the highest values recorded for Saaf (68%), Bavistin (64%), and Antracol (63%). Biofungicides also enhanced germination, with Peak Mona (56%) and Trichoderma (52%) showing notable performance. In terms of seedling growth, synthetic fungicides produced the greatest root and shoot lengths, while biofungicides showed moderate but consistent improvements across parameters. The integration of antifungal efficacy and seedling growth parameters using multivariate approaches (CPI, PCA, and clustering) provides a comprehensive evaluation of treatment performance beyond conventional single-parameter analysis. Multivariate analyses confirmed the superior overall performance of synthetic fungicides, whereas biofungicides formed an intermediate group with stable effects. The findings highlight that both seed treatment approaches significantly enhance seed health and early establishment of P. vulgaris. While synthetic fungicides demonstrated superior efficacy across most parameters, biofungicides produced consistent and comparable effects, supporting their use as environmentally sustainable alternatives in integrated disease management strategies.