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<p>Herbicide resistance in weeds is an increasing challenge, and early detection is essential for maintaining effective management. This study aimed to characterize the response of <i>Solanum americanum</i> biotypes to the herbicides iodosulfuron and metsulfuron-methyl (ALS inhibitors) and glyphosate (an EPSPS-inhibiting herbicide). A dose–response assay with glyphosate was conducted on a susceptible (B1) and a presumed resistant (B2) biotype. The tested doses were 0D, 1/16D, 1/8D, 1/4D, 1/2D, 1D, 2D, 4D, and 8D, being D = 720 g ha<sup>–1</sup>, the recommended dose for controlling <i>S.&#xa0;americanum</i> in Brazil. Preliminary evaluations indicated that ALS-inhibiting herbicides provided less than 20% control, confirming the difficulty of managing this species in wheat production systems. For glyphosate, differences in control between the biotypes were observed. Dose–response analyses were then performed to estimate the 50% control (C<sub>50</sub>), the 50% reduction in aboveground dry mass (GR<sub>50</sub>), and the resistance factor (RF). For C<sub>50</sub> and GR<sub>50</sub>, B2 showed RF values of 1.81 and 5.42, respectively. <i>S. americanum</i> is not controlled by post-emergence applications of iodosulfuron or metsulfuron-methyl, but the species is not resistant to glyphosate. The study of weed sensitivity to herbicides is relevant for implementing efficient management strategies and preventing yield losses in agricultural crops. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the response of <i>Solanum americanum</i> Mill. biotypes collected from wheat fields to the application of different herbicides. A dose–response assay using the herbicide glyphosate was conducted with two biotypes, designated as susceptible (B1) and putative herbicide-resistant (B2). The tested doses were 0D, 1/16D, 1/8D, 1/4D, 1/2D, 1D, 2D, 4D, and 8D, where D = 720 g ha<sup>–1</sup>, the recommended dose for controlling <i>S. americanum</i> in Brazil. Preliminary evaluations indicated that the herbicides metsulfuron-methyl and iodosulfuron provided less than 20% control, confirming the difficulty of managing this species in wheat production systems. For glyphosate, differences in control between the biotypes were observed. Subsequently, dose–response analyses were performed to estimate the herbicide dose required to achieve 50% control (C<sub>50</sub>), the dose required to reduce shoot dry mass by 50% (GR<sub>50</sub>), and the sensitivity factor (SF). For C<sub>50</sub> and GR<sub>50</sub>, the B2 biotype showed SF values of 1.81 and 5.42, respectively. <i>Solanum americanum</i> is not effectively controlled by post-emergence applications of iodosulfuron or metsulfuron-methyl; however, the species showed sensitivity to glyphosate. Differences in glyphosate sensitivity were observed between <i>S. americanum</i> biotypes collected from wheat fields in southern Brazil.</p>

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Sensitivity Levels of Solanum Americanum Mill. Biotypes to Herbicides Collected from Wheat Fields in Southern Brazil

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月14日

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  • César Tiago Forte,
  • Leandro Galon,
  • Emely Vitória Bona,
  • Millena Candeia Dutra,
  • Ubirajara Russi Nunes,
  • Daiani Brandler,
  • Maurício Albertoni Scariot,
  • Germani Concenço,
  • Rodrigo José Tonin,
  • Emili Luiza Dalmuth Ortigara

摘要

Herbicide resistance in weeds is an increasing challenge, and early detection is essential for maintaining effective management. This study aimed to characterize the response of Solanum americanum biotypes to the herbicides iodosulfuron and metsulfuron-methyl (ALS inhibitors) and glyphosate (an EPSPS-inhibiting herbicide). A dose–response assay with glyphosate was conducted on a susceptible (B1) and a presumed resistant (B2) biotype. The tested doses were 0D, 1/16D, 1/8D, 1/4D, 1/2D, 1D, 2D, 4D, and 8D, being D = 720 g ha–1, the recommended dose for controlling S. americanum in Brazil. Preliminary evaluations indicated that ALS-inhibiting herbicides provided less than 20% control, confirming the difficulty of managing this species in wheat production systems. For glyphosate, differences in control between the biotypes were observed. Dose–response analyses were then performed to estimate the 50% control (C50), the 50% reduction in aboveground dry mass (GR50), and the resistance factor (RF). For C50 and GR50, B2 showed RF values of 1.81 and 5.42, respectively. S. americanum is not controlled by post-emergence applications of iodosulfuron or metsulfuron-methyl, but the species is not resistant to glyphosate. The study of weed sensitivity to herbicides is relevant for implementing efficient management strategies and preventing yield losses in agricultural crops. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the response of Solanum americanum Mill. biotypes collected from wheat fields to the application of different herbicides. A dose–response assay using the herbicide glyphosate was conducted with two biotypes, designated as susceptible (B1) and putative herbicide-resistant (B2). The tested doses were 0D, 1/16D, 1/8D, 1/4D, 1/2D, 1D, 2D, 4D, and 8D, where D = 720 g ha–1, the recommended dose for controlling S. americanum in Brazil. Preliminary evaluations indicated that the herbicides metsulfuron-methyl and iodosulfuron provided less than 20% control, confirming the difficulty of managing this species in wheat production systems. For glyphosate, differences in control between the biotypes were observed. Subsequently, dose–response analyses were performed to estimate the herbicide dose required to achieve 50% control (C50), the dose required to reduce shoot dry mass by 50% (GR50), and the sensitivity factor (SF). For C50 and GR50, the B2 biotype showed SF values of 1.81 and 5.42, respectively. Solanum americanum is not effectively controlled by post-emergence applications of iodosulfuron or metsulfuron-methyl; however, the species showed sensitivity to glyphosate. Differences in glyphosate sensitivity were observed between S. americanum biotypes collected from wheat fields in southern Brazil.