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<p>Intensified by global climate change and extreme weather conditions, water scarcity plays a&#xa0;major role in reducing crop yields. Gaining insights into how crops respond to drought stress is essential for identifying or developing drought tolerant varieties. In this study, we conducted physiological (relative water content and electrolyte leakage), biochemical (lipid peroxidation, proline content and activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione reductase), and molecular characterization (gene expression analysis by qRT-PCR) of previously identified four drought tolerant and two drought sensitive elite turmeric genotypes. The study was conducted in field condition in randomized complete block design with four replications, under varying soil moisture levels, i.e., under well—watered condition with soil moisture content maintained at around 18.5 to 20.0% by irrigation using tap water as well as under restricted irrigation i.e., irrigation was withheld from November (2022) to February (2023) by maintaining the soil moisture content at around 11–12.5% to elucidate drought tolerance mechanisms in turmeric by examining physio-biochemical traits, yield, and the expression of drought-responsive transcription factors. The drought tolerant genotypes IISR Pragati, SL&#xa0;5, Suguna, and Suvarna exhibited higher proline content and relative water content, indicating higher osmoregulation compared to sensitive genotypes. These genotypes also showed enhanced reactive oxygen species scavenging resulting from elevated antioxidant enzyme activities which reduced the lipid peroxidation and membrane damage under water stress. This was accompanied by significant upregulation of key transcription factors (<i>ABF, bHLH, WRKY, DREB</i>) that regulate multiple drought-responsive mechanisms. However, among tolerant genotypes, Suguna and IISR Pragati demonstrated better drought tolerance, maintained photosynthetic efficiency (with 6.1% and 7.3% reduction), and produced stable yields (with 13.9% and 11.2% reduction) under water stress. Therefore, these genotypes can be promising for cultivation in rainfed or water-scarce regions and represent valuable resources for breeding programs aimed at improving drought resilience.</p>

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Gene Expression Profiling Reveals Multilevel Drought Tolerance Mechanisms in Turmeric (Curcuma Longa L.)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月7日

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  • C. V. Nazmin Banu,
  • T. E. Sheeja,
  • K. S. Krishnamurthy

摘要

Intensified by global climate change and extreme weather conditions, water scarcity plays a major role in reducing crop yields. Gaining insights into how crops respond to drought stress is essential for identifying or developing drought tolerant varieties. In this study, we conducted physiological (relative water content and electrolyte leakage), biochemical (lipid peroxidation, proline content and activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione reductase), and molecular characterization (gene expression analysis by qRT-PCR) of previously identified four drought tolerant and two drought sensitive elite turmeric genotypes. The study was conducted in field condition in randomized complete block design with four replications, under varying soil moisture levels, i.e., under well—watered condition with soil moisture content maintained at around 18.5 to 20.0% by irrigation using tap water as well as under restricted irrigation i.e., irrigation was withheld from November (2022) to February (2023) by maintaining the soil moisture content at around 11–12.5% to elucidate drought tolerance mechanisms in turmeric by examining physio-biochemical traits, yield, and the expression of drought-responsive transcription factors. The drought tolerant genotypes IISR Pragati, SL 5, Suguna, and Suvarna exhibited higher proline content and relative water content, indicating higher osmoregulation compared to sensitive genotypes. These genotypes also showed enhanced reactive oxygen species scavenging resulting from elevated antioxidant enzyme activities which reduced the lipid peroxidation and membrane damage under water stress. This was accompanied by significant upregulation of key transcription factors (ABF, bHLH, WRKY, DREB) that regulate multiple drought-responsive mechanisms. However, among tolerant genotypes, Suguna and IISR Pragati demonstrated better drought tolerance, maintained photosynthetic efficiency (with 6.1% and 7.3% reduction), and produced stable yields (with 13.9% and 11.2% reduction) under water stress. Therefore, these genotypes can be promising for cultivation in rainfed or water-scarce regions and represent valuable resources for breeding programs aimed at improving drought resilience.